in the Mammalia of Hot Countries. 327 



time, being too large and unwieldy an animal to follow the 

 Caprine races over the precipitous ground. I however met 

 w r ith their tracks on the snow near my house ; and while 

 shooting in the oak-forest, from 5000 to 6000 feet above the 

 sea, had one of my people carried away by one. They can go 

 wherever the Stag (Cervus Hippelaphus) can obtain a footing, 

 and remain on a mountain north of Massoori (Nagtiba, near 

 10,000 feet in height) all the year round. They live princi- 

 pally on stags and also bears. 



The Hyaena is very rare in the Himalaya, and I only once 

 saw one. It was early in March, about 6000 feet above the 

 sea. 



The common Wolf is numerous in the plains, but I have 

 never seen or even heard of them in the Himalaya. 



The Jackal is rare there, and I have never met with them 

 but in the low and warm valleys. 



The Fox of the Himalaya is much larger than the dimi- 

 nutive fox of the plains, and greatly resembles the English 

 one. 



The Wild Elephant is not found beyond the base of the 

 hills, but the slopes there are so steep that it would be im- 

 possible for so heavy an animal to obtain a footing. However, 

 at a village called Burkote, about twenty miles from the source 

 of the Jumna, young elephants are reared for the Rajah of 

 Tisee. The spot is within the limit of Deodar Forest and also 

 that of winter snow. The animals remain in an open shed 

 during the year. 



Before concluding, I will not omit calling your attention to 

 the high temperature of Dehra in the Dhoon, which, in N. 

 lat. 30° 19 r , and 2380 feet above the sea, has a mean annual 

 temperature of 70° to 71° Fahr., being the same as that of 

 the summit of the hill on the island of Penang in N. lat. 

 5° 15', and at nearly the same height above the sea, viz. 2280 

 feet. 



This may be attributed to three causes : — 1st, the situation 

 of Dehra at the foot of the southern slope of the Himalaya, 

 screened from the -iiorth by enormous mountains ; next, its 

 position, several hundred miles from the sea, and its conti- 

 guity towards the south to very wide sandy plains which are 

 intensely heated by the sun ; and lastly, the circumstance that 

 almost all the rain there falls during the summer-time. The 

 south-west monsoon blows nearly from the equator, and brings 

 with it aqueous vapour at a high temperature, which is depo- 

 sited and soaks into the ground very deep, communicating its 

 temperature to the soil. 



Be the causes what they may, the circumstance of the tern- 



