32 BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 



classed with the animals of the continents, and the continental iso 

 therms or isocrymes, rather than the oceanic, are required for eluci 

 dating their distribution." 



The highest segregations of the marine faunas, as admitted by 

 Prof. Dana, are three divisions or "kingdoms," viz: " i, the 

 American or Occidental, including east and west America ; 2, the 

 Africa- European, including the coasts of Europe and western 

 Africa; and, 3, the Oriental, including the coasts of eastern 

 Africa, East Indies, eastern and southern Asia, and the Pacific. 

 Besides these, there are fat Arctic or Antarctic kingdoms, including 

 the coasts of the frigid - zones, and, in some places, as Fuegia, 

 those of the extreme temperate zone. ' ' 



We have thus, from similar data, generalizations tending in op 

 posite directions, (i) that which was postulated as to the distribution 

 of marine life in zones, and (2) the one just recalled, which corre 

 lates the distribution rather with the lay of the land. 



Much may be said in favor of each proposition, and it is certain, 

 as I long ago contended,* that "the relations between the succes 

 sive faunas, in a latitudinal direction of the shores of the several 

 continents, are traversed by relations existing, in a longitudinal 

 direction." 



But I am inclined to think that an unconscious bias from the 

 long-prevalent ideas respecting the pertinence of marine forms to 

 the inland faunas, may have influenced Prof. Dana more than the 

 facts so well presented in his discussion. 



I repeat further what I then also urged. There appears to be a 

 total want of correlation between the inland and marine faunas, 

 and a positive incongruity, and even contrast, between the two in 

 their relations to others. This antagonism has been appreciated 

 by very few. In most works it is quietly assumed or insisted upon 

 that the sea and inland animals of a given region are integral con 

 stituents of a homogeneous fauna, and by implication, at least, that 



* The Nation, vol. 24, p. 43, July 19, 1877. 



