PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 73 



in Surinam, published in Amsterdam two important works upon 

 the natural history of that region, in 1765 his " Histoire Natu- 

 relle de la Hollande Equinoxiale," and in 1769 his " Descrip 

 tion de Surinam." I refer to these works as important, not 

 because they are of great value to zoological writers of to 

 day, but because they, in their day, marked distinct advances 

 in knowledge. 



The Scandinavians. Danish enterprise at an early day sent 

 explorers to the western continent, and the scholarly tendencies of 

 the Scandinavian mind were soon manifest in a literature of geo 

 graphical and scientific observations. 



Hans Egede, a missionary who went to Greenland at least as 

 early as 1715, published in 1741 his comprehensive work upon 

 Greenland, of which so many editions have been published. 



Otho Fabricius, [b. 1744, d. 1822], another missionary, long 

 resident in Greenland, published in 1780 his " Fauna Groen- 

 lanclica," a work which in scientific accuracy has never been 

 excelled a most important contribution to systematic zool 

 ogy. David Crantz's " History of Greenland," published in 

 1770, is another important scientific work from the hand of 

 a missionary, and Zorgdrager's notices of the Greenland fish 

 eries deserve a passing notice. 



The travels of Kalm, a Swede and a pupil of Linnaeus, are 

 noticed elsewhere. Peter Loefling, another pupil of Linna3us, 

 visited Spanish America, and in his " Iter Hispanicum," 

 printed in Stockholm, 1758, described many animals and plants 

 observed by him. 



Olaf Swartz, a Swede, discovered and described 850 new spe 

 cies of West Indian plants from 1785-89. He spent a year in the 

 southern United States before going to the West Indies.* 



The Germans. Germany, too, soon began to send its students 

 across the Atlantic. Johann Anderson, a Burgomaster of Ham 

 burg, published in 1746 his " Tidings from Iceland, Greenland, 



*Brendel. 



