100 THE RHINOCEROS OF JAVA. 



often occasions serious injury to the plantations of coffee and 

 pepper, which are laid out in the fertile districts selected for 

 its retreats. 



" The horns and skin are employed for medicinal purposes 

 by the natives*." 



The Baron Cuvier observes that the folds of the hide are 

 observable in the foetal animal. These folds differ in their 

 arrangement from those of the Indian rhinoceros ; they are 

 altogether wanting on the head, the integument of which is 

 rugous and covered by a cuticle divided into small angular 

 plates like those on the body ; the fold behind the occiput is 

 situated close to the head ; another stretches like a hood trans- 

 versely across the middle of the shoulders, and extends on 

 either side beneath the throat, so as almost to form a conti- 

 nuous circle. A second doubling, which also nearly begirts 

 the body, is situated behind the shoulders : a transverse fold 

 exists above each fore-leg, but there is no fold in the direc- 

 tion of the spine, as in the Indian rhinoceros : a large fold 

 crosses the region of the crupper, and descends on either side 

 in front of the thighs : a slighter depression advances for- 

 wards upon the thigh on either side from the root of the tail. 



This species has hitherto been found only in the Island of 

 Java. It is called by the Malays, Badak. 



The extended and minute comparisons which have been in- 

 stituted between the several bones of this species and those 

 of the Indian rhinoceros, prove incontrovertibly the specific 

 difference of the two animals. These observations, with figures 

 of the skeletons, &c, are contained in the second volume of 

 the great work by Cuvier on Fossil Remains. 



The extinct species whose osseous remains have hitherto 

 been collected and compared, are four in number. First, The 

 rhinoceros described by Pallas in the Commentaries of the 

 Petersburg Academy (1773). Not only are its bones found 

 scattered abundantly over Siberia, but the entire carcass, en- 

 veloped in its hairy hide, has been preserved from the ravages 

 of time, frozen up in the ice on the banks of the Wiluji, a 

 river which opens into the Lena. This rhinoceros had two 

 long horns, which were supported by a strong bony, instead 

 of gristly, partition of the nostrils ; hence the name, which 

 Cuvier has given to this species, of tichorrhmus. This enor- 

 mous species appears to have extended its wanderings into 

 Germany, France, and even England, in all which countries 

 its bones are occasionally found. 



The remains of the second extinct species abound in Italy, 

 principally in the Val d' Arno in Tuscany, and in the valley 

 * Zoological Researches in Java. 



