Miscellaneous n 345 



vegetation in isolated spots : I found in flower, Plumbago europceuy 

 Anchusa officinalis^ L., variety angustifolia, PotentillcB argentece 

 affinis, Rosa, n. sp., Coronilla glauca, &c.: the most characteristic 

 features of the plateau, however, were Que7'cus nana, Populus grceca 

 (both in the shrubby state), a great number of Euphorbiacece, Eri- 

 geron alpinum. Astragalus aureus, and the Verbascum olympicum, 

 Boiss. ; the latter plant scarcely attains a height of 40 centimetres in 

 this locality. 



The lower plateau has scarcely any characteristic forms. In pro- 

 portion as we ascend the steep declivity which leads from the lower 

 to the upper plateau, the Quercus nana gradually disappears, and is 

 replaced by the Juniperus nana, which continues to grow a little above 

 the upper plateau, so that the limit of shrubby vegetation may be 

 fixed (at least on the southern exposure of the mountain) at an abso- 

 lute height of about 2600 metres, and consequently 137 metres 

 above the upper plateau, the elevation of which is 2463 metres. The 

 surface of the latter is covered with immense quantities of Verbascum 

 chrysorrhoeos, Boiss. It was here that I observed for the first time 

 the Jurinea depressa, Mey., a plant much sought for by the Turks 

 on account of the musky odour which it exhales, and which has ob- 

 tained for it in the neighbouring country the name of MushguU 

 (musk-rose). This fine and rare Composite plant had already (18th 

 of August) passed its period of flowering, and I had much trouble 

 in discovering and collecting a few good specimens. The lower limit 

 of the Jurinea depressa is consequently 2463 metres ; its upper limit 

 probably attains 2700 to 2800 metres. Associated with this plant 

 were Daphne buxifolia, Wahl., Silene argcea, n. sp.. Thymus angusti- 

 folius, Ziziphora nummularia, n. sp., Satureia argcea, n. sp., Hiera- 

 cium pannosum, Boiss., Morina persica. Astragalus aureus, Poten- 

 tilla argentea, &c. Of these plants, the Daphne, Astragalus, Po- 

 tentilla, Silene and Thymus descend below 2463 metres, whilst the 

 Ziziphora, Satureia and Hieracium keep at this altitude, or even 

 occasionally rise still higher. The Hieracium pannosum attains, if 

 not the zone of perpetual snows, at least a region where these descend 

 frequently, as was the case when I was there ; its stem usually attains 

 a height of 30 centimetres ; all parts of the plant, but especially the 

 large radical leaves, are covered with white woolly hairs to such an 

 extent, that, when seen at a certain distance, the solitary heads, 

 bristling with a close pappus, appear like so many balls of snow. 



In ascending the precipitous side of the central cone, which rises 

 immediately from the upper plateau, a tolerably fine vegetation is met 

 with to an elevation of 3006 metres. On this space, that is to say, 

 between 2463 and 3005 metres, I observed Jurinea depressa, Mey., 

 var. sulphur ea. Astragalus nummularius. Lam., Astr. chianophilus, and 

 two other species of Astragalus ; a Cotyledon, an Evax, and an Are- 

 naria, which have not been determined ; Sibbaldia parvifolia, Willd., 

 Polygonum alpinum, L., Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh., Myosotis palus- 

 tris, Silene argcea, n. sp., Sedum olympicum, Boiss., Veronica fruti- 

 culosa, L., Alopecurus vaginatus, Pall., Alsine recurva, Solidago 

 Virgaureay Podospermum intermedium, &c. Of these plants, Silene 



