22 Altitude of Habitats of Plants in Cumberland, 



mountain summits, and the comparative paucity of elevated 

 valleys, deep chasms, and rocky precipices, will no doubt ex- 

 plain the numerical deficiency in its mountain flora. Up to 

 1000 ft. the vegetation of Cumberland is superior to that of the 

 Scottish highlands. Above 2000 ft. the species are not only 

 fewer, but, with all the advantage of a more southern latitude, 

 they commonly fail much earlier as we ascend the hills. The 

 average heights to which the species mentioned in the preced- 

 ing lists were observed to attain in the highlands are, for the 

 first (or those exceeding 3000 ft. in Cumberland), 3900 ft. ; 

 for the second, 3200 ft. ; for the third, 2900 ft. ; for the fourth, 

 2400 ft. By average height is meant the mean obtained by 

 dividing the sum of the highest stations observed in Scotland 

 by the number of species. 



Mr. Winch, to whom we are indebted for the fullest and 

 most accurate lists of species and botanical notices for the 

 county of Cumberland, has very recently printed a thin quarto 

 pamphlet of Contributions to the Flora of Cwnberland, in which 

 are enumerated all except the commoner species said to have 

 been found in the county ; but, from the author's remarks, it is 

 pretty evident that many stations published on the authority 

 of the late Mr. Hutton are errors, if not deserving of a harsher 

 designation. Though I have verified many of the stations 

 given by Winch, it is unnecessary to repeat them here ; and 

 I shall, therefore, confine myself to those not included in his 

 Contributions^ and mention only the mountain species ; at least 

 with a very few exceptions. 



Circae^a alpina. Between the Great Wood and Falcon Crag, 

 &c. — Galium boreale. In plenty on the east side of Derwent- 

 water. — Alcliemilla alpina. Particularly plentiful about the 

 Scawfell group of hills, as well as on the hills in crossing from 

 the Vale of Newlands to Borrodale. — Lobelm Dortmann«. 

 Watendlath Tarn, and the small tarn among the hills above it. 

 In most of the lakes. — Fiola Idtea. Between Castlerig and 

 Armboth, and on the north side of Latrigg. — Hibes petrae^um. 

 Hedges of the fields between Ullock Moss and Braithwaite. 

 — Lysimachia vulgaris. I believe to have seen this between 

 Swinside Hill and Braithwaite. " Paterdale and Keswick, 

 Hutchinson [?]. 1 could not find it in either of these places." 

 Winch's Co7itributions.—-Bhkm\ms Frangula. Ullock Moss, side 

 next to Swinside Hill. — Convallaria multiflora. Castle Head 

 Wood, near the entrance from Keswick. " Convallaria Poly- 

 gonatum, Keswick, Mr. Hutton. Not in his Herbarium." 

 Winch. — Juncus filiformis. Near the foot of Derwentwater, 

 between the lake and willows, and among the willows. The 



