mth Localities of rare Mountain Species. 21 



4-. Between 1500 ft. arid 2000 ft. — Thalictrum minus, 

 y^Vabis hirsuta, Polygala vulgkris, Sagina proc6mbens, i^iibus 

 idae'us, Alchemilla vulgaris, Montia fontana, ^^axifraga ^yp- 

 noides, S. o'lzoides, Angelica sylvestris, Pimpinella /Saxifraga, 

 Heradeum 5'phondylium, ^rica cinerea, E, Tt^tralix, ^'rbu- 

 tusU\a6rsi, Gnaphalium dioicum, Leontodon Taraxacum, 

 Ciiicus palustris, //ieracium palud6sum, VerSiiica officinalis, 

 ik/elampyrum pratense, Digitalis purpurea, Pedicularis sj'lva- 

 tica, Zysimachia iiemorum, Oxyria reniformis, ^etula alba, 

 «Salix (aurita?), O'rchis mascula, -Hyacinthuj nonscriptus, 

 Narthecium ossifragum, Juncus trigliimis, Carex dioica, P6a 

 annua, iVardus stricta, Aivd flexu5sa, Pt^ris aquilina, Aspi- 

 dium dilatatum, Polypodium Phegopteris. 



5. Between 1000 ft. arid 1500 ft. — We begin to seethe 

 oak, ash, holly, and other trees, with a large addition of 

 smaller species ; but it does not appear to be worth while for 

 us to carry these lists below 1500 ft., since they would become 

 more long than interesting as we descend to the low grounds. 



All these species descend to the low grounds about the 

 lakes, except the following, the inferior limit of which appears 

 to be at or about the heights added to their names : — iSaxi- 

 fraga stellaris, 500 ft. ; »Salix herbacea, 2400 ft.; ^'mpetrum 

 nigrum, Carex rigida, 2200 ft. ; Alchemilla alpina, 400 ft. to 

 600 ft.; Rhodiola rosea, 700 ft.; katice Armeria, about lOOOft. 

 or 1200 ft.; Thalictrum alpinum, probably 1200 ft.; Coch- 

 learia danica ; Epilobium «lsinif61ium, 700 ft. ; Oxyria reni- 

 formis, 450 ft. Silene acaulis and iSaxifraga oppositif61ia were 

 only seen in one station, and are fixed at about 2000 ft. by 

 guess. Juncus triglumis and y4'rbutus UVa ursi were also seen 

 in only one station, not actually measured. The lake at Kes- 

 wick is estimated to be 228 ft. above the sea ; that of Thirl- 

 mere is nearly 500 ft. All the other species were seen at or 

 nearly on the level of one of these lakes. The early period 

 at which the hills were visited would no doubt prevent my 

 seeing all the species towards their summits, in the hollows 

 near to which some patches of snow still lingered at the end 

 of May, but quite disappeared before the second week of 

 June. Excluding the ferns, we have, above 3000 ft., only 13 

 species ; between 2000 ft. and 3000 ft., 53 species ; and be- 

 tween 1000 ft. and 2000 ft. there were 150, or more. Now, 

 by observations in the highlands of Scotland last autumn (see 

 Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal^ No. 28.), there are at 

 these heights on the Scottish mountains, 80, 183, and 273 

 species. The small extent of surface elevated above 1000 ft. 

 or 1500 ft. in the county of Cumberland, the dryness of the 



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