630 Observations on some of 



ice was the cause of the wind's direction ; the point I am 

 endeavouring to explain. Navigators all state, that, in 

 approaching the ice, the temperature falls ; and that variable 

 and gusty 'whirlwinds attend it : they give no idea of a constant 

 breeze from the west. So far, then, I allow, and no farther, 

 the melting of ice in the Atlantic to be a means of cooling 

 our atmosphere : and this melting of the ice is, it is almost 

 certain, the effect of terrestrial heat; so that even our " raw, 

 moist, chilly" weather is attributable to the same cause as the 

 dry hot atmosphere which has so recently prevailed. Para- 

 doxically, this is to maintain that heat may produce cold ; 

 but cold can 7zever produce heat, I will, in my next paper, 

 consider the question more fully. 

 Cli/'ton, Oct, 13. 1834. 



Art. II. Observations on some of the Diseases in Poultry. By 

 J. M. CoBY, Esq., Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 

 London, of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, of 

 the Medical and Philosophical Society of London, &c. 



As the diseases of the feathered tribe have not hitherto 

 attracted much scientific attention in this country, it may not 

 be uninteresting to the readers of the Magazine of Natural 

 History to be presented with a few facts and investigations 

 deduced from the study of comparative morbid anatomy. 

 The pathology of birds had been slightly entered upon by 

 Mr. Youatt, the highly talented professor of veterinary medi- 

 cine at the London University; and it is to be regretted that 

 his researches, which appear to have been confined to more 

 valuable animals, have not been extended in this department. 

 The naturalist may possibly be able to refer to a nosological 

 system in some of the numerous works on zoology, British or 

 foreign; but I am not aware of the existence of any such 

 system. Girard's Anatomie des A7iimaux Domestiques^ 2 vols. 

 Paris, 1820, which is one of the latest foreign works on the 

 structure of domestic animals, does not, I believe, enter upon 

 the subject of pathology. 



1. Cerebral A;poplexy or Stroke, — The animal, when attacked 

 with this disease, suddenly falls, appears senseless, and is 

 found with the head bent under the neck or thorax. Every 

 time an attempt is made to place it in a sitting or standing 

 position, the head is constantly forced downwards below the 

 breast, the cranium resting on the ground. There is no incli- 

 nation to take food ; and, when it is artificially introduced 

 into the pharynx, it passes onward to the crop. In some 

 instances, death rapidly supervenes ; in others, some days 



