364 Mr. P. J. Selby on the Fauna of TwizelL 



the coast and that tract of thin trap formation which prevails 

 to such an extent round Bamburgh and Belford, several ad- 

 ditions both of diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera might have 

 been added to the list, amongst which may be noted Sphinx 

 Convolvuli, Hipparchia Semele,PolyommatusArtaxerxes,AgrO' 

 tis luniffera, Heliothis Peltigera, &c. Of the PapilionidcB it 

 will be observed that Pap» Machaon, Gonepteryx Rhamni, the 

 species of the genus Colias and Pieris do not reach so high a 

 latitude, and the same holds good as to Vanessa Polychloros 

 and Antiopa, Apatura Iris, and Litnenitis Camilla, Among 

 the Nymphalidce no instances of Hipparchia Galathea and Ti- 

 thonus have been found so far north, and though the Thecla 

 Rubi possesses a more extensive geographical distribution, 

 having been found by us upon the confines of Sutherland, it 

 has not been detected in this neighbourhood. Of the beautiful 

 genus Polyommatus, P. Alexis and P. Alsus are the only spe- 

 cies found upon Twizell, and Thymele Tages (the only exam- 

 ple we have of the Hesperidce), though some years abundant, 

 is confined to a particular field, where the Lotus corniculatus, 

 the plant upon which the larva subsists, constitutes the princi- 

 pal herbage. Of the Sphingidce we boast of the Acherontia 

 Atropos and Deilephila Galii, the latter an insect of great ra- 

 rity even in the south of England. Deilephila Elpenor has 

 once occurred, and is one among the very few instances in 

 which it has been met with in so northern a latitude. Veil. 

 Porcellus is not uncommon, and it is sometimes bred from the 

 larva which is found feeding upon the Gallium verum. The 

 only species of the uEgeriadce is the Trochilium Crahroni- 

 forme, whose larva is reared in the lower part of the trunks 

 of the Salix caprea, and there is scarcely a tree of this species 

 to be found that has not been bored by the caterpillar of this 

 beautiful insect ; it is probable also that another species is yet 

 to be detected which breeds in the alder, a common tree upon 

 the margin of our brooks, as specimens have been obtained 

 by Sir William Jardine in Dumfries-shire, from trees on his 

 plantations. Among the Notodontidce, Pterostoma palpina 

 and Notodonta Dromedarius have but rarely occurred, and the 

 specimens we possess have mostly been reared from the larvae. 

 Lasiocampa Rubi abounds upon the heaths and adjoining 



