36 ON THE MONKEYS KNOWN TO THE CHINESE. 



face, eyes under their breast, tigers' teeth, and human nails. 

 Their cry is like the squalling of children ; they eat men as 

 well as other things. They are found in the Kewyu hills. — 

 The * Book of Hills and Streams ' calls them Keuhaou." — Zo. 

 iv. 39. 



The Tung [Simla callitrix) is another type that can be 

 identified. They are described as " belonging to the Yuen 

 yew species, being nimble in their movements, and excellent 

 climbers of trees : both great and small kinds have the long 

 tails of the Yuen, but of a golden colour, and are commonly 

 called Kin-tseen Jung (golden thread Jung ). They are bred 

 in the Laeshin hills. Men shoot and kill them with poisoned 

 arrows. Their tails are made into bed-clothes, saddle-hous- 

 ings, and rugs to lie upon. The Jung are vastly fond of their 

 tails, but when strack with the poison gnaw them off through 

 pain, to get rid of their calamity." The Hwatso is a fabulous 

 animal, and consequently an object of superstition. "In the 

 Yaoukwang hills are animals whose exterior appearance is 

 like a Mehow, with human face and hogs' bristles. During 

 the winter they dwell in caves. They are called Hwatso : 

 their cry is like cut water, and when seen they are ominous 

 of a conscription." The " cut water " probably refers to the 

 noise of a mill. The expression " yaon yih" in the text, ap- 

 pears to imply the power that the Chinese, in common with 

 other despotic Asiatic governments, have of forcing people to 

 work for them. Yih is literally " police runners to send out" 

 &c. — Zool. iv. 



" The Yew are like the Mehow, and of a deep yellow and 

 black colour ; their tails are several cubits long, like an ot- 

 ter's, but have no tufts. When they scent the dew ascending 

 to form rain, they then suspend themselves from a tree by 

 means of their tails, to fill their nostrils with it, or else by both 

 feet. In Keangtung they call them carriers, (Wuhkeen)." — 

 Zool. iv. 38. 



The Gaou are said to inhabit the Lunseen hills, to be like 

 an ape, with long arms, to be good for killing, and called Gaou. 

 — Zool. iv. 34. " The Yuen's arms, when cut through at the 

 thick part, can be made into flutes rounder than reeds ; they 

 are of the monkey tribe, having long legs, and are good whis- 

 tlers, given to dragging things about, whence their name is 

 derived from the character yuen, to drag or lead. — Zool. iv. 36. 



" The Jen are like the common monkey (how), with green 

 body and dark jaws, they have black whiskers: their paws 

 are also black. They are naturally very fond of their whis- 

 kers, and dote on their species, living and dying together ; 

 on which account if one can be got at a hundred may be kill- 



