FLUVIO-MARINE DEPOSIT ON THE COAST OF ESSEX. 199 



Section of a Fresh-water Fonnation near Walton, on the Essex Coast. 9 



Vegetable soil. 



(Loam, with interspersed flints, both 

 rounded and angular ; white quartz 

 pebbles, and quartz sandstone in 

 boulders. 



" Fresh-water shells, in red sand. 



London clay, at the junction of low-water mark. 



Peat. 



Marine and fresh -water shells. 



I Peat, with subordinate and inten-upt- 

 ed beds of marine and fresh-water 



J shells. Incisive tooth of water-iat, 



I figured in p!. 11,2, 'Reliqu. Uiluv.' 

 Articulina, figured in ' Geol. Trans.' 



\.2nd series, vol. v. plate 9. 



Marine and fresh-water shells. 



'Bones of the larger mammals, general- 

 ly found between the cliff & low-water 

 mark, associated with the same species 

 of fresh- water shells, trunks of trees, 

 nuts & seeds as we find in the upper 



^beds. No marine fossil shells. 



in Suffolk, and at Copford, in Essex. In all these places the 

 bones have been found in the midst of the fresh-water strata, 

 and cut off from the upper and superincumbent strata of 

 sand and gravel, by intervening beds of shells, peat, and 

 sand. 



Of the bones of fossil Mammalia, which have been found 

 at Walton in such quantities, some of them have been de- 

 tected with fluviatile shells adhering to them, although there 

 is not that decided lacustrine character in the strata at Wal- 

 ton which we find in other localities on this line of cliffs. 



According to the description given in this Magazine, for 

 1838, of the fossil Mammalia found in the deposit at Grays, 

 there is strong evidence for presuming that a closer relation 

 existed between those remains and the fresh-water beds of 

 that locality, than between the remains and the sand and 

 gravel which are superimposed to them. We hear of no fos- 

 sil bones being found in the latter ; but at the same time, I 

 will readily admit that this class of fossils has been frequently 

 found in gravel, without exhibiting any decided marks of a 

 fresh-water derivation, and it is not always very easy to ac- 

 count for the anomaly of finding these remains so perfect in 

 condition, considering that they had been found in beds of 

 rolled flints and other hard substances, which have, at the 



Vol. IV.— No. 40. n. s. 2 a 



