during the Formation of the Crust of the Earth. 179 



frequently been found mixed with the remains of Diluvian ani- 

 mals: but it has been thought that these facts could be got over 

 by the hypothesis that these bones were not in primitive rela- 

 tions of association, but had been brought together at a sub- 

 sequent epoch by currents of water ; or, at least, it has been 

 objected that the nullity of such a hypothesis cannot be demon- 

 strated. Sir Charles Lyell in particular has endeavoured to 

 explain the juxtaposition of human bones with Diluvian remains 

 observed in Louisiana by Dickeson, by means of the dishitegra- 

 tion of beds of clay in consequence of subterraneous erosions in 

 a locality where Indian graves existed above Diluvian remains. 

 The following observations would be more difficult to refute, if 

 they had been surrounded by all the necessary guarantees. In 

 a bone-cave in Brazil, M. Lund found a skull similar to that of 

 the present aborigines, together with other human bones, amongst 

 bones of Platonyx and Chlamydotherium. All the remains were 

 petrified in the same way, penetrated by perfectly similar ferru- 

 ginous incrustations, and presented the same metallic fracture. 

 Out of twenty-four bone-caves in Brazil, M. Lund states that in 

 six he found human bones associated with the remains of extinct 

 animals ; and although these observations could not be regarded 

 in the light of absolute proof, M. Lund was inclined to think 

 that these men and these animals had lived at the same time. 



We must also mention here the juxtaposition of human bones, 

 fragments of pottery, and other artificial products, with remains 

 of extinct mammalia in the clay and osseous breccia of Bize, 

 near Narbonne, according to Marcel de Serres, Tournal, and 

 Lecoq; the analogous observations of M. Schmerling in the 

 bone-caves of Louvain; those of M. Marcel de Serres in the 

 caves of Mialet ; the discoveries of the same nature in the recent 

 volcanic matters of La Denise, near the Puy in Auvergne ; and 

 especially those of the rock-clefts of the Wiirtemberg Alb, in 

 which five human molars have been found in the deepest parts, 

 and in a state of fossilization identical with that of the bones of 

 Hippotherium, Tapirus, and Mastodon found beside them, — facts 

 which are guaranteed by Jaeger, Kurr, and Quenstedt. One 

 circumstance alone might give rise to some scruples — namely, 

 that these five teeth are all identical in form, and that, although 

 they correspond with the last molar of the lower jaw (in the 

 Mongols, the Finns, and the Negroes), they present a greater 

 resemblance to each other than to this tooth*. 



All the cases just cited are of such a nature, that a person desti- 

 tute of any preconceived opinion would adopt without hesitation 

 the notion of the simultaneous existence of human bones and 



* See also Mr. Prestwich's paper at p. 230 of our present Number.— Ed. 



Annals. - ^> 



12* 



