Dr. W. Baird on new species of Entomostracous Crustacea. 281 



British Museum on the 3rd of June, 1859. Mr. Atkinson, in 

 a letter, informed Mr. Denny that if this mud were placed in 

 fresh water, it would soon produce a crop of Entomostraca. 

 This had accordingly been done at Leeds ; and the result was as 

 predicted. Placing the portion of mud which Mr. Denny had 

 kindly sent me to the British Museum in water on the 3rd of June 

 last, I was agreeably surprised to find several young animals of 

 the class Entomostraca make their appearance seven days after- 

 wards, or on the 10th of the same month. These I watched till 

 they had assumed a sufiicient degree of development, and I then 

 discovered that they were the young of a species of Estheria, 

 Shortly after this, fresh forms made their appearance ; and by 

 the middle of July I found I had a large crop of Entomostracous 

 Crustacea, consisting of at least five difierent species. These I 

 consider to be distinct from any yet described, and, both from 

 their peculiar history and characters, worthy of a detailed de- 

 scription. 



In addition to the species here described, Mr. Denny had the 

 kindness to forward me a pair of a species of Chirocephalus, male 

 and female, but which unfortunately died before I was able to 

 secure them for description. They were of a pale whitish co- 

 lour, and considerably smaller than the species found in Great 

 Britain. 



Estheria Gihoni, PL V. fig. 1. 



Carapace oval, rather flat and compressed. Umbo rather pro- 

 minent, and placed near the anterior extremity. Surface of 

 shell encircled with prominent ribs, the intervening spaces being 

 rather broad, slightly convex and irregularly excavately punc- 

 tate. Anterior extremity slightly broader than the posterior. 

 Dorsal margin, from the umbo to the posterior slope, nearly 

 straight, the posterior half sloping downwards. Anterior and 

 ventral margins rounded. 



The body of the animal is of a beautiful red colour. The 

 male is larger than the female, and the prehensile feet are rather 

 large, and are furnished with strong hooks. 



The head is large, and the sort of hood with which it termi- 

 nates is long and rather sharp-pointed. 



Hab. Pool of Gihon, Jerusalem. Mus. Brit. 



Daphnia Atkinsoni, PI. V. fig. 2. 



Female. Carapace of an oval form ; lower extremity pointed 

 and terminating in a rather long spine, which is beset on aU 

 sides with short spines. Anterior margins of the valves armed 

 with short setse, which spring from the inner edge. 



The head is rather large and prominent ; beak of considerable 



