BakewelVs Introduction to Geology. 357 



carefully the Sepiae that may be caught in tropical climates, 

 as he thinks it probable that there are now existing several 

 species with internal chambered shells, more or less resembling 

 fossil species supposed to be extinct. Most of the chapters 

 comprising the transition and basaltic rocks, and the great 

 coal formation, are considerably enlarged. In describing 

 the mountain limestone of Derbyshire, the author has given 

 his recent observations on that district, and states that the 

 stratification is not plane, as it has been before described, but 

 is arched ; but the curves are frequently on a large scale, and 

 the bending of the strata (of which a remarkable instance 

 occurs at Creek Cliff, near Matlock) he attributes to the 

 protrusion of toadstone basalt. The chapters on the secondary 

 strata contain the most recent discoveries respecting them, and 

 sections of the different formations in various parts of the 

 Continent, compared with sections of the English secondary 

 formations. Such comparisons show, in a striking manner, 

 that, though there is a great similarity in some of the more 

 important features of the same secondary formations in distant 

 countries, yet that it is useless labour to attempt to establish 

 an identity between all the minor series that compose those 

 formations. The five new chapters in the present edition relate 

 to objects of great interest in the natural history of the earth : — 

 On the formation of secondary limestone and sandstone ; and 

 on the progressive developement of organic life. On the 

 quaternary or most recent tertiary strata. On subterranean 

 currents and caverns, in which is comprised an account of the 

 caverns containing human bones recently discovered in va- 

 rious parts of the Continent. On the elevation of mountain 

 ranges and continents. On the temperature of the earth ; on 

 central heat ; and on astronomical causes illustrative of 

 geological theories. The attention of geologists has recently 

 been deeply engaged in the investigation of the subjects of 

 these chapters : we intend, therefore, in a future Number, to 

 state the views of the author more fully, and to trace the pro- 

 gress which has been made in what may be called the new 

 departments in geology. We shall, for the present, confine our 

 remarks to observing, that the author, in opposition to some 

 modern theories, strenuously contends for the progressive 

 developement of organic life.* "One of the most interesting 



* By the doctrine of " the progressive developement of organic life " is 

 to be understood the successive creation and increase of plants and animals, 

 ascending from the lower to the higher classes and orders, and terminating 

 with the creation of man. This doctrine is altogether different from that 

 of Darwin, Lamarck, and other theorists, who maintain that new orders of 

 animals were gradually produced by the growth of new organs. In a 

 recent number of a popular work the two doctrines have been absurdly 



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