100 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



does the pupa of Leptostylus biustus ; now the question is, how 

 is it produced, and for what reason, and by what stages in dif 

 ferent species? 



Of other records, Dr. Riley mentions the rearing of this long- 

 icorn " from a dried-up pomegranate," and Mr. Hubbard, in his 

 bulletin on "Insects affecting the Orange" (p. 174), has given 

 an account of its breeding under the bark of orange. 



Leptostylus macula Say breeds in almost all kinds of decid 

 uous trees and shrubs. I have reared it from larvae found under 

 the bark of beech, chestnut, maple, butternut, and sumach, and 

 have beaten specimens from the following trees in such abund 

 ance as to lead to the belief that they are all food-plants : box- 

 elder, tulip, oak, and Carpinus. Mr. W. H. Harrington also 

 records hickory, and Mr. Geo. E. Brackett, apple (Prac. Ent., 

 i, 19), as food-plants. At Ithaca .the beetles occurred in 

 greatest abundance from the latter part of June till the middle of 

 July. Around Washington I have noticed images as early as 

 May 5, and as late as July 26. The duration of the pupal state 

 of two individuals observed was from fourteen to sixteen days. 



Leptostylus collar is Lee. I have noted the occurrence of 

 what I take to be this species on chestnut on several occasions, 

 the larvae living under the bark, and the imago occurring, in the 

 vicinity of New York city, throughout July and until August 8, 

 the latter a rather late date for a Cerambycid. 



Liopus variegatus Hald. was reared from hackberry ( Celtis 

 occidentalis) , and from box-elder, being especially abundant on 

 the latter tree. Five or six examples were beaten from a single 

 dead branch of chestnut at Navesink, N. J., and a similar num 

 ber from dead locust, and it probably breeds in both trees. A 

 larva found under box-elder bark in April transformed to pupa 

 May i, and to imago May 17, which would give sixteen days as 

 the duration of the pupal state. . In the hackberry, which grew 

 within a few yards of the box-elder, the beetle developed more 

 than two weeks later than in the latter, the first specimen not 

 appearing until May 30. Another did not pupate until June 4, 

 and allowing sixteen days for the pupal period, the imago issued 

 June 30. The cause of this difference was not due to food- 

 plants nor to the age of the wood, but obviously to the fact that 

 the box-elder was prostrate, moist, and exposed to the sun, while 

 the hackberry was standing, dry, and constantly shaded. At 

 Washington all stages are to be found during the last two weeks 

 of May, the imago appearing as early as May 1 1, and continuing 

 throughout the month of June. 



Two enemies of this Cerambycid have been observed : an 

 Ichneumonid parasite, Ephialtes irritator Fab., which lives 



