254 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



with them, but Japanese plants, on the contrary, flourish ex 

 tremely. Dr. Riley supported Mr. Schwarz, and said it was a 

 well-known fact that Japanese plants flourish better in the east 

 than in the west. His first impression of the California!! flora 

 was that it was European in its character. Referring to the sus 

 ceptibility of Australian ladybirds to the attacks of enemies, he 

 stated that in Australia birds in general prey upon ladybirds, and 

 in his opinion this was clue to the lack of certain protective in 

 fluences on the part of the ladybirds themselves. The Austra 

 lian fauna is composed of weak forms. He once more insisted 

 upon the fact that we must not expect good results from miscel 

 laneous introductions of beneficial insects ; all the facts concern 

 ing them must be known. Mr. Fernow spoke of the introduction 

 of the Douglass spruce into Europe from California and from 

 Colorado. It was found that those from the Pacific coast do not 

 flourish in Europe, while those from Colorado do. He was of 

 the opinion that it was a question of resemblance of climate be 

 tween the original country and that to which the species was in 

 troduced. Dr. Gill said that Prof. Riley's recognition of the 

 European character of the California!! flora is due to the exten 

 sion of the European flora through northern Asia, making it thus 

 really the flora of an adjoining country. We are accustomed to 

 associate the Indian fauna and flora with the Asiatic idea, but 

 they are in reality quite distinct, and the true European forms 

 extend to the Pacific Ocean at a point above the limit of the In 

 dian life-zone. 



f 7 APRIL 4, 1895. 



President Ashmead was in the chair and Messrs. Schwarz, 

 Stiles, Stetson, Marlatt, Benton, Howard, Pratt, Linell, Chit- 

 tenden, Heidemann, Vaughan, Riley, Dodge, and Gill were 

 also present. 



Prof. Riley read the following paper : 



ON OVIPOSITION IN THE CYNIPID^E. 

 By C. V. RILEY, Ph. D. 



Having made a special study of galls and gall insects, and 

 having accumulated a large number of notes on the habits of the 



