18 Mr. J. Black wall on the S&ucturej Functions, (Economy, 



position and relative size of its tycs an approximation to the The- 

 ridia may be traced. 



114. Linyphia frenata . 



Linyphia frenata, Wider, Museum Senckenb. B. i. p. 269. taf. 18. 

 fig. 4 ; Walck. Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. t. ii. p. 279. 



pallida, Blackw. Linn. Trans, vol. xix. p. 126. 



Theridium pallidum, Koch, Die Arachn. B. iii. p. 64. tab. 94. fig. 216. 



Not perceiving that the Theridium pallidum of M. Koch is 

 identical with the Linyphia frenata of M. Wider, M. Walckenaer 

 has included it among the synonyma of Theridion sisyphum (Hist. 

 Nat. des Insect. Apt. t. ii. p. 299). 



In autumn this rare species spins among grass growing in the 

 grounds about Oakland an extensive horizontal sheet of web 

 supported by fine lines united to its superior surface and to each 

 other at various angles, and attached by their upper extremities to 

 objects situated above it. Like its congeners, it takes its station 

 on the under side of the web in an inverted position, and there 

 watches for its prey. Mr. R. H. Meade transmitted to me an 

 adult male Linyphia frenata from Yorkshire in 1851. 



115. Linyphia tenuis. 

 Linyphia pusilla, Blackw. Research, in Zool. p. 392. 



I have been under the necessity of changing the specific name 

 of this spider, the appellation of pusilla having been previously 

 conferred on a small Swedish Linyphia by Professor Sundevall 

 (Vet. Acad. Handl. 1829, p. 214). 



Linyphia tenuis is of frequent occurrence among grass and 

 under stones, and is widely distributed in England and Wales. 



116. Linyphia insignis. 



Linyphia insignis, Blackw. Linn. Trans, vol. xviii. p. 662 ; Walck. 

 Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. t. iv. p. 499. 



A single adult female of this species was sent to me from 

 Lancashire in the autumn of 1837 by Mr. John Parry, who cap- 

 tured it at Trafford, near Manchester; and in ]851 two adult 

 females and an immature male which had to undergo its final 

 change of integument were submitted to my inspection by Mr. 

 R. H. Meade, who informs me that he found them on the fronds 

 of fern growing in woods near Bradford in Yorkshire. 



117. Linyphia nigella. 



Linyphia nigella, Blackw. Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. Third Series, 

 vol. viii. p. 487. 

 Specimens of Linyphia nigella were found under fragments of 



