416 Zoological Society. 



i^itno. »i 2. Tarandus; Rangif er, H. ^m\i\\, i.* ., 



The muzzle is entirely covered with hair ; the tear-hag small, 

 covered with a pencil of hairs ; the fur hrittle, in summer short, in 

 winter longer, whiter, of the throat longer ; the hoofs are hroad, de- 

 pressed, and bent in at the tip ; the external metatarsal gland above 

 the middle of the leg ; horns in both sexes elongate, subcylindric, 

 with the basal branches and tip dilated and palmated ; of the females 

 smaller ; skull with rather large nose-cavity, about half as long as the 

 distance to the first grinder ; the intermaxillary moderate, nearly 

 reaching to the nasal ; a small, very shallow, suborbital pit. 



They live in the Arctic Regions in both hemispheres, migrating in 



flocks, and eating lichens. ' • . < - -- •"-' 



f^u erf? •; ^orffofiST eeiT-gllrz-Bni 



, 1. Tarandus rangifer. The Carihou or Rein Deer. 



*lr» '©ferk brown in summer, grey in winter. Young : brown, yellow 



'?raried. ; ^^^^ 



Tarandus , Plini. — Rangifer, Gesner. — Cervus Tarandus, Iiiitttt.-j 



Pallas, Zool. Ross. A. i. 106 ; Cmder, Mamm. Lith. t. ; Bennett, 



Gardens Z. S. 241. fig.; Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. 238.— 0. 



Tarandus sylvestris {Woodland Caribou), Richardson, Fauna Bor. 



Amer. 250. — C. rangifer, Raii Syn. 88. — C. platyrhynchos,\ro\i(^, 



Rendier, t. 2 (1828). — C.palmatus and C. mirabilis, Jonston, Quad. 



t.36, 37. — Tarandus rangifer. Gray, Knows. Menag.57. — ReinBeer, 



Pennant. — Caribou, Sagard. Theodat. Canad. 751. — Renne, Buffon, 



H. N. xii. 79. t. 10-12. Supp. iii. t. l^"" .—Rhenne, Cuvier, R. A.— 



Caribou or Carreboeuf, French Canadians. — Oleen, Russians in Siberia. 



Var. Smaller ; horns more slender, less palmated ; hair short, 



smooth, close, brown, with throat and belly white in summer ; hair 



very close, thick, waved, brittle and erect and white in winter. 



Cervus Tarandus Americanus, H. Smith, G. A. K. v. 773. — C. Ta- 

 randus V. Arctica {Barren-ground Caribou), Richardson, Fauna Bor, 

 Amer. 241 . fig. 240, horns. — Common Beer, Hearne, Joum. 195. 200. 

 Inhabits Arctic parts of Europe and Amei'ica. -• I'ui^ (|.rji, 



Varies exceedingly in size. In the British Museum there are spe- 

 cimens varying from 20 to 28 inches high at the withers, and pro- 

 portionally as large in the horns and all the other parts. The variety 

 y is confined to the barren grounds. 



Dr. Richardson observes, ** There are two well-marked and perma- 

 nent varieties of Caribou that inhabit the fur countries ; one of them 

 {Woodland Caribou) confined to the woody and more southern di- 

 stricts, and the other {Barren-ground Caribou) retiring to the woods 

 . only in the winter, but passing the summer on the coasts of the Arctic 

 , seas, or on the barren grounds so often mentioned in this work.'* — 

 Fauna Bor. Amer. 299. 



The large Siberian variety are ridden on by the Tungusians. They 



also use them for draught, as the Laplanders do the smaller variety. 



They have a large variety in Newfoundland, nearly as large as a 



heifer, having very large and heavy horns. There are some horns of 



this variety in the British Museum . M . Midden dorf informed me that 



y^t^Jhorns of the large Siberian variety were as large as, and greatly re- 



