Miscellaneous, 397 



the Elephant, and bones and horns of a large species of Deer. Sub- 

 sequently to that period, many fossils of the same kind have been 

 met with from time to time in the same gravel-pit : some of these 

 still remain in the possession of the proprietor of the estate, some are 

 in the Museum of the Geological Society of London, and some have 

 been sent to private museums in the neighbourhood. 



Unfortunately, the Elephants' tusks found in former excavations 

 in this gravel were so much decomposed as to baffle every attempt to 

 remove them ; they all fell to pieces when touched : an outer coat of 

 ivory was left on the spot where one tusk had lain so long, and its 

 strong curvature could be very plainly seen. In the year 1855 

 another tusk was found in the same bed of gravel, — broken, indeed, 

 into several pieces, but not so much decomposed as former ones. 

 In laying all these pieces out carefully according to their natural 

 curvatures, they were found to form collectively a tusk seven feet 

 in length on its outer curve, and it showed a curve that was quite 

 as deep as that of a former tusk found here, viz. nearly a half-circle. 



On a chord-line, the distance from the basal part to the extreme 

 point of this fossil, which is fortunately preserved, is 3 feet 1 inches, 

 and 21 inches from the chord-line to the upper surface of the tusk, 

 in the position in which it is now mounted — its natural position, — 

 a greater curvature than any I have before observed in tusks found 

 in this county. 



An Elephant's tusk, equally large, was found at Clacton, about 

 sixteen years ago, but not so deeply curved as the tusks above 

 noticed. 



If we allow 3 feet to any Ballingdon tusk for that part which goes 

 into the socket on the side of the Elephant's head (which I am told 

 is not too much), we have a tusk altogether 10 feet long. The tusk 

 found at Clacton was, when alive, 12 feet. 



As the former discoveries of Mammalian fossils at Ballingdon are 

 recorded in the Magazine of Natural History, this is also at your 

 service, if sufficiently important. 



The last tusk found at Ballingdon was only mounted last Monday 

 week. It was found, as well as all the other mammalian fossils, 

 30 feet below the surface, in gravel of the glacial period. 



I am. Gentlemen, 

 Your most obedient Servant, 



John Brown. 



Note on Bovine Remains^ lately found at Clacton, Essex. 

 By John Brown, Esq., F.G.S., of Stanway. 



To the Editors of the Annals of Natural History. 



Stanway, Oct. 22, 1857. 

 Gentlemen, — On a visit to the freshwater deposit at Great 

 Clacton, about three weeks ago, I fortunately obtained a beau- 

 tiful pair of horn-cores of a large species of Bos ; and, compared 

 with the description given by Professor Owen in his Report to the 



