and its relation to that in the Animal Kingdom. 245 



order of their appearance led Meyen* to the opinion "that the 

 ^cidiolum exanthematum, Ung., is the male or fecundating 

 structure of the JEcidium-^xx^tvlQ containing true spore-like 

 vesicles, by which it is succeeded." At the same time, Meyen 

 was " by no means of opinion that an actual or true fecundation 

 took place here." The same contradiction occurs in his expres- 

 sions relating to the Fungus-anthers of the older authors {cys- 

 tidia, Lev.), which he held to be " organs which contain a ferti- 

 lizing substance," and a few lines further on, "abnormally 

 altered sporophoresf" (basidia). 



The investigations of Tulasne, which are in close connexion 

 with the researches of Itzigsohn on the Lichens, presently to be 

 mentioned, are partly supplementary to those above enumerated, 

 and partly of a nature to open out new points of view for the 

 study of the organs of fructification of the Fungi. For the sake 

 of rendering these matters perfectly clear, I postpone the details 

 to the section on the Lichens, and only mention here, that 

 Tulasne found in the Fungi, and in the first instance in the 

 Pyrenomycetes {, corpuscles similar to Itzigsohn's spermatozoids 

 of Lichens. He calls them spermatia, and the structures in 

 which they are contained, spermogonia. The latter are found 

 sometimes on the same thallus with the thecse filled with spores, 

 sometimes separated from these, and have frequently been re- 

 garded as distinct and independent Fungi (species of Spharia, 

 Cgtispora, Microspora, Poly stigma y Ascochyta, &c.). And he 

 considers several genera of the Coniomycetes, in like manner, 

 to be dependent and imperfect structures, and thinks that they 

 represent, as for example jEcidiolum eosanthematum, Ung., 

 spermogonia of Uredinese or Sphseriese, &c.§ 



Besides these spermatia and the spores contained in the thecse, 

 the same inquirer found, in some cases in the same Fungi, other 

 spore-like bodies, which, like the spores of the Hymenomycetes, 

 were developed upon sterigma-like processes, each upon a basi- 

 dium-like cell, and these he therefore calls stylospores. Con- 

 cerning the order in which these various stages of development 

 of the Fungi, bearing spermatia, stylospores, or proper spores, 

 make their appearance, he observes, that the spermatia, which 

 may be contemporaneous with the stylospores, always appear 



* F. J. F. Meyen, Pflanzenpathologie, herausgeg. v. Nees v. Esenbeck. 

 Berlin, 1841, p. 143. 



t Wiegmaun's Archiv, 5 Jahrg. Bd. ii. Berlin, 1839, p. 50. 



X L. R. Tulasne, Note sur TAppareil reproducteur dans les Lichens et 

 les Champignons. Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser, xv. p. 370. [Transl. in Ann. 

 Nat. Hist. viii. p. 114.] 



§ See on this point Tulasne, Seconde Memoire sur les Uredin^es et les 

 Ustilaginees. Ann. des Sc. nat. 4 ser. ii. p. 113 et seq. (1864). 



