and its relation to that in the Animal Kingdom. 247 



occurs also in Pesiza bolaris, Batsch*, Peziza vesiculosa, Bull., 

 and Peziza tuber osa, BuU.f, modified in the last two by the 

 occurrence, in the place of the simple pedicel between the sper- 

 matia and the (andro-) spores, of a complicated structure form- 

 ing in itself a kind of mycelium — -promycelium, Tulasnej in 

 Bulgaria iniquans. Fries, this occurs together with the former. 

 '' It corresponds in every respect to the formation of spermatia 

 in the majority of the Lichens, where they originate singly upon 

 a cell which nourishes them J/' 



Of the subsequent history of the spermatia formed in this 

 way, which Tulasne calls sporogenous, nothing further is known ; 

 on the other hand, a kind of germination has been observed in 

 some of them which are produced, not from the spores, but from 

 the spermogonia, and which Tulasne, in reference to their later 

 evolution, calls opsigenous. When left for a long time in water, 

 they develope filiform prolongations, like spores. So also with 

 the spermatia which precede the formation of the ergot, which, 

 with the tissue producing them, were described by authors as a 

 Sphacelia^, and those of Sphaeria Laburni, which hitherto had 

 been regarded as the spores of a Cytispora in the vicinity of the 

 perithecia of the former. 



In face of these observations, and of the experience that phy- 

 siologically diverse organs frequently have similar characters, 

 Tulasne naturally did not venture to declare these two kinds of 

 spermatia identical ; nor, in the absence of direct observation on 

 their relation to the fructification of the Fungi — not to speak of 

 the opsigenous, which may merely represent a second form of 

 the stylospores, — even to compare the sporogenous spermatia 



* Now and then, though rarely, spores are met with which produce 

 at the same time spermatia and one or more mycehal filaments. (Ann. des 

 Sc. nat. 3 ser. xx. p. 1/4.) 



t Of the spermatia of this species, Tulasne observes, " Neither is it 

 uncommon to perceive, in the interior, an incomplete excentric circle, a 

 sort of spiral line, the inner extremity of which would correspond pretty 

 nearly to their centre ; but I have never remarked that they were endowed 

 with any movement." {L. c. p. 176.) 



X In the same memoir Tulasne shows, that the pairs of cells {sporidia 

 bilocularia) hitherto regarded as spores, in the genus Podisoma, are only 

 the basidia, which produce much branched and multicellular sterigmata, and 

 only upon these the proper, subsequently germinating spores; as Gasparrini 

 had already observed. The granules of JEcidium and Uredo, and the 

 fruits of Puccinia and Phragmidium behave like these sporidia of Podisoma 

 as regards their growth in germination. See Bot. Zeitung, 1853, p. 611 ; 

 Ann. des Sc. nat. 4 ser. ii. p. 123 (1854). 



§ Tulasne, Memoire surl'Ergot des Glumacees. Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser. 

 XX. p. 5. The ergot itself is shown, by Tulasne's beautiful investigations, 

 to be the sclerotoid mycelium of a Sphairiacea {Claviceps purpureus, Tul.), 

 the development of which takes place after the ergot has lain several months 

 in moist earth. (See * Claviceps,' Micrographic Dictionary.) 



