LIVES OF THE POLISH HEROES. 511 



of Russian Asia, and the rest were distributed in the other residences. 

 Besides these victims a host of students, whose names did not figure in 

 the imperial decree, were condemned to serve in the Muscovite army 

 as private soldiers, and several found a grave beneath the walls of 

 Brailow or of Warna, in the campaigns of 1828 and 1829, against 

 Turkey and Persia. The rest were sent back to their families, who 

 were condemned to pay all the expenses incurred by the proceedings 

 against the secret societies. 



As to the monsters whose calumnies had proved the ruin of so 

 many innocent youths, the imperial rewards were soon showered down 

 upon them. The principal instigator of the proceedings, Novosseltzoff, 

 was appointed curator in the room of Prince Czartorysk; Venales 

 Pelekar, became rector for life, and BaikofF Augustus Bien, Bolvenko, 

 Larriensvctsch, Schlikoff, were rewarded in proportion to the violence 

 they had displayed against the unfortunate students. But soon, in the 

 absence of human justice, the vengeance of heaven was let loose upon 

 these wretches, BaikofF was a few months afterwards struck with 

 apoplexy. Lavrenovitsch sunk under a dreadful disease. Bien was 

 killed by a thunder-bolt, and Bolvenko escaped death, but after the 

 most horrible sufferings. 



To crown their barbarous illegality, Thomas Zan, who by the tenor 

 of the decree of his exile, should by this time be restored to his country 

 and his friends, is still confined in the fortress of Orenberg. The 

 Russians allege, in extenuation, that the name of the young student 

 was mixed up anew in the affair of the patriotic society of Warsaw, 

 and that he was retained in exile as a measure of security. 



However it may be, Zan has never again appeared, and certainly 

 the aspect of affairs does not now render it probable that he ever will. 

 But if the news of the Polish revolution has reached his deserts, how 

 would his noble heart beat with joy and hope ; how proud to know 

 the glorious part Lithuania has played, for whom he nobly sacrificed 

 himself, the first of all her sons. If some letter or paper relating to the 

 deeds of arms of his countrymen, should have reached him in spite of 

 the vigilance of his keepers, what a balm for the wounds of exile, what 

 a luminous ray in his dreary solitude. 



But although absent during the last struggle, Zan was, nevertheless, 

 one of the heroes of the movements of 1830, of which he had ten years 

 before prepared the elements. More than once his memory was invoked 

 during the great crisis ; and as in France, where ff the role de appel" 

 preserved long the name of her first grenadier, Latour d'Auvergne, 

 even after his death ; so in the Lithuanian insurrection, when it was 

 asked who was the first soldier, the first patriot of the district, the 

 universal cry of thousands was, Zan ! ! 



JULIUS GRUZEWESKI. 



Julius Gruzeweski, the son of James Gruzeweski and of Dorothy 

 Sackem, a native of Courland, was born on the 8th of February, 1808, 

 at Kelmy, a seat belonging to his family, in the district of Rosienia 

 government of Wilna. His father, a protestant himself, brought him 

 up in the reformed religion ; prudent, and possessing a well cultivated 

 intellect, he was unwilling to expose his son to the caprices of the 

 brutal Nowoselcoff, who reigned then, over the University of Wilna, 

 with despotic sway; he was fearful lest Muscovite influence should 



