220 



Mr. Kino on the Preparation of Chloroform. 



In the preparation of chloroform, 4 atoms of the hydrogen of the alco- 

 hol aro replaced by 4 of chlorine, and 2 atoms of oxygen by 2 atoms of 

 chlorine; thus, 



C 4 H 6 O2 



C 4 H 2 C1 2 = 2C 2 HC1 



a 



And in the same way with pyroxilic spirit ; the oxide of methyle being 

 acted on, 2 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by 2 atoms of chlorine, and 

 1 atom of oxygen is replaced by 1 atom of chlorine. 



Oxide of methyle, C 2 H 3 

 Chloroform, C 2 H CI = C 2 H CI, 



Cl 2 



Its relation to formic acid is represented by the replacement of 3 atoms 

 oxygen by 3 atoms chlorine ; as follows, 



C 2 H0 3 = formic acid, or peroxide of formyle. 

 C 2 HCI3 ss chloroform, or perchloride of formyle. 



The following table exhibits a few trials which I made of the prepara- 

 tion of chloroform by distillation with various proportions of alcohol, 

 pyroxilic spirit, and brewers' wash. 



Experiments. 



1 ... 



2 ... 



3 ... 



4 ... 



5 ... 



6 ... 



7 ... 



8 ... 



9 ... 



Bleach. Powd. 

 by weight. 



.. 8 0Z. .. 



10 



11 



12 



Water 

 20 OZ 



24 

 20 

 24 

 32 

 20 

 24 

 32 

 24 



24 

 24 



The spec. grav. of the alcohol was "837. The spec. grav. of the pyro- 

 xilic spirit "833. 



The substances were first mixed in a glass vessel, and then introduced 

 into a retort of the capacity of half-a-gallon. The following specimens 

 were submitted to the meeting : — 



|_No. 1, chloroform which has not been washed, but in the condition 

 in which it was distilled. Its spec. grav. is 1*226. 



No. 2, chloroform which has been washed with distilled water, until 



