38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV. 



1 6. XANTHIUM ECHINATUM Murr., Comm. Goetting. 6:32 and tab. 4. 



1783-1784. 



X. maculatum Raf., Amer. Journ. Sc. i: 151. iSig. 1 

 Caulis scaber aut scabrido-hispidus, purpureo-maculatus, 3-6 dm. 

 altus. Folia setulis adpressis scabra, plerumque cordata et obtuse 

 lobata, obtuse et remote dentata aut serrata, petiolis adjectis 0.6-2.3 

 dm. longa, petiolis laminas subaequantibus aut excedentibus. Fructuum 

 (PI. VII, f. 16; PI. IX, ff. 19-21) corpus crasso-ovale aut rare sub- 

 globosum, glanduloso-hispidum et aculeis subremotis armatum, demum 

 1.6-2 cm. longum et 0.8-1 cm. crassum; rostris validis, incurvatis, ad 

 apicem saepius hamosis, infra hispidis, 3-5 mm. longis; aculeis tenuibus, 

 rectis aut arcuatis, ad basim (aut usque ad medium) hispidis, supra 

 calvis, ad apicem saepius hamosis, rostris subaequantibus. 



DISTRIBUTION: Quebec to New Jersey, also (apparently adventive) 

 in Virginia, Ontario, North Dakota and Missouri. 



SPECIMENS EXAMINED: QUEBEC: Longueuil, shores of St. Lawrence 

 River, Brother Victorin 1056 (Hb. Gray). ONTARIO: Ottawa, McKay 

 Lake, Aug. 3, 1911, John Macoun (Can. Geol. Surv. no. 87545 in Hb. 

 Mo., no. 719897). MAINE: Prouts Neck, Sept., 1898, Miss M. E. Blatch- 

 ford (Hb. Gray). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Newcastle, Little Harbor, Sept. 19, 

 1901, Entile F. Williams (Hb. Gray). MASSACHUSETTS: Boston, Savin 

 Hill, Aug. 28, 1853, William Boott (Hb. Gray); Cape Cod, Hyannis Port, 

 /. M. Greenman 361 (Hb. Mo. 722293); Pemberton, sandy beach, Aug. 

 27, 1897, B. L. Robinson (Hb. Gray); Nonquitt, Aug. 27, 1888, E. L. 

 Sturtevant (Hb. Mo. 85501); Nonquitt, along sea-shore, Sept. 25, 1888, 

 idem (Hb. Mo. 85500); Dartmouth, roadside, Sept. 27, 1889, idem (Hb. 

 Mo. 85502); Revere, seashore sands, Aug. 22, 1896, Emile F. Williams 

 (Hb. Gray); Craigville, sandy roadside, Sept. 5, 1898, idem (Hb. Gray); 

 Scituate, seashore, Oct. 29, 1899, idem (Hb. Gray); North Scituate, 

 Sept. 6, 1897, idem (Hb. Gray). RHODE ISLAND: Block Island, sandy 

 sea-beach, southwest of Chagum Pond, Fernald, Hunnewell 2nd and 

 Long 10659 (Hb. Gray); without locality, in 1848, Flint (Hb. Gray). 

 NEW YORK: Long Island, Rockaway Beach, Sept., 1892, Dr. Smith Ely 

 Jellife (Hb. Field 396974). NEW JERSEY: Ocean County, Tom's River, 

 sea-beaches, Kenneth K. Mackenzie 1046 (Hb. Mo. 85503). VIRGINIA: 

 Cape Charles City, Canby and Rose 845 (Hb. U. S. 297952; an anomal- 

 ous form with burs glabrate but glandular upon the body, offering a 

 strong superficial resemblance to X. palustre Greene). MISSOURI: 

 Allenton, Sept. 20, 1890, George W. Letterman (Hb. Mo. 775049; a 

 form with burs approaching those of X. italicum Mor.). NORTH DAK- 



1 Torrey and Gray (Fl. N. Amer. 2: 295. 1843) described a variety of X. 

 echinatum Murr. ("j8. prickles of the oval-oblong fructiferous involucre stouter and 

 less crowded; leaves incisely lobed") from the "banks of Spirit Lake, head-waters of 

 the Little Sioux River of the Missouri, Mr. Nicolletl" We have seen no authentic 

 material of this variety. 



