THE SCHOOLMASTER IN MUSCOVY. 699 



them that were burned, laughed ; and being asked why, his answer 

 was, that he laughed at them that formerly laughed at him. 



" This wilie Gorre being kept that night for execution, in the 

 dead of the night stole away, and was found in a cave, where, by 

 commandment of Fin Mac Coile, Hugh Gorre, his own sonne, killed 

 him, and after became madde himselfe. And the end of Fin Mac 

 Coile was, that he died a beggar and in great misery." 



THE SCHOOLMASTER IN MUSCOVY. 



So singularly are the people of this country in the dark, on almost 

 every point connected with the moral culture and intellectual deve- 

 lopment of the Russians, that it will perhaps be conferring a benefit 

 on our readers, to place before them a sketch of the state of public 

 education in the mighty dominions of the Czar. 



In order to carry into execution, with more method and ensemble, 

 a system of public education, and for the purpose of simplifying this 

 branch of the general administration, by centralizing it, the whole 

 empire, including the grand duchy of Finland, is divided into seven 

 university districts ; each of which comprehends, more or less, a great 

 number of governments and provinces. A Curator is placed at the 

 head of each district, and the minister of public instruction presides 

 over the whole. In each district there is a university, and one or 

 more gymnasiums in each government, besides primary and secon- 

 dary schools, the former of which are styled " Ecoles d'arrondise- 

 ment." The number of students on the books of the different uni- 

 versities, in 1830, amounted to upwards of 5000. 



In addition to these universities there exist a great number of 

 other establishments, consecrated to the higher branches of study, 

 which are not immediately under the jurisdiction of the minister of 

 public instruction, they are termed high special schools. Theology 

 is taught in the academies of Kief, Moscow, St. Petersburg, and 

 Kasan. In these establishments there are upwards of 26,000 

 students and 430 professors. The Catholic church likewise supports 

 13 seminaries : the Protestants graduate at the university of Dorpot, 

 where the faculty of theology is exclusively reserved for them. In 

 all the universities jurisprudence and all the branches of medicine 

 are taught, but more particularly so at the chirurgo-medical 

 schools of St. Petersburg and Moscow. 



Other establishments, enjoying almost the same perogatives as the 

 universities, are destined to form the Russian youth for the higher 

 offices of state. These are the Lycee of Tsarskoie Selo, the high 

 school of St. Petersburg, the school of science at Jaroslarl, and 

 the " pensions nobles" of the universities of the Moscow and St. 

 Petersburg. On completing their course of study, the students take 

 a certain rank in the hierarchy. 



Several thousand youths receive their education at the military 

 schools throughout the empire, which amount in all to 25. The 

 study of the oriental languages, of commerce, and of technology 



