XI. On the Effect of the Non-Residence of Landlords, &f. on the Wealth 

 of a Community. By J. Tozer, Esq. M.A. Caius College. 



[Read March 16, 1840.] 



The investigations that have been made by political economists of 

 the effects produced on the wealth of a community by the non-residence 

 of its proprietors, have frequently been asserted to furnish results which 

 are not confirmed by observation. The following is believed to be a 

 more careful investigation of the problem than any that has yet been 

 made, and one that accounts for the apparent discrepancy. 



While the proprietor resides, his income, subject to such deductions 

 as are made by direct taxation, will be expended either in purchasing 

 commodities or in paying for services. Those whose services he retains 

 will expend what they receive in the same manner, and therefore 

 the whole income of the proprietor will be expended, either directly or 

 indirectly, in the purchase of commodities. The necessary and sufficient 

 division of these will be into two classes, those which have been produced 

 by the labour and capital of the countrymen of the proprietor, and those 

 which have been produced by the labour and capital of foreigners, and 

 which have been placed within his reach by the employment of capital 

 and labour which may have been either native or foreign. 



Of taxes, we need only consider those which the proprietor is con- 

 strained to pay while he is resident, and whose payment he evades by 

 non-residence. We may also, without affecting the result, assume these 

 to be paid when the income is realized, and not before. 



We have then, while the proprietor resides, a portion of capital 

 employed in raising the produce of his estates ; a second portion in raising 

 such other native commodities as are consumed by himself or those 



