196 



Mr TOZER, ON THE NON-RESIDENCE OF LANDLORDS. 



import-duty paid on the foreign productions which the proprietor consumed 

 when at home. 



Beyond this there will be a diminution of the aggregate income 

 of the community whenever the capital that is disengaged by the ab- 

 senteeism is forced into less profitable employments than those it previously 

 occupied, and in no other case. When therefore the country from which 

 the proprietor absents himself exports raw produce, there will generally, 

 though not necessarily, be a loss beyond the loss to the revenue, and this 

 loss will be accompanied by a general increase of rental. When it exports 

 manufactures, there will not in general be any loss beyond that to the 

 revenue. 



There will however in all cases be this further and very important 

 effect : though the income which the proprietor removes may be replaced, 

 it must be replaced by labour, and there will therefore be substituted 

 for the leisure class, which a part of that income maintained, a class 

 who must by their own exertions produce the incomes on which they 

 subsist; and there is nothing in the conditions of the problem to limit 

 the extent to which the subdivision of income may, among the members 

 of this class, be carried, or to fix the minimum that may be enjoyed 

 by each. 



It is necessary to the truth of these results, that the withdrawal of 

 the proprietor should cause no removal of capital, that any part of the 

 proprietor's income which was not expended should still be saved at 

 home, and that no part should have been consumed without calling 

 for the employment of capital. 



In applying the result to any particular country, the first step is to 

 decide how far, in the case of its absentees, these conditions are fulfilled ; 

 if they be not fulfilled, or if the individuals who remove had in any 

 degree the qualities of productive labourers, the wealth of the community 

 must be impaired by their absence ; and the injury is capable of increasing 

 with time to an indefinite extent. 



J. TOZER. 



Caius College, Cambridge, 

 March 16, 1840. 



