542 Professor Frankland, on the Production of [May 28, 



organic bodies, selected from the large number above spoken of, as 

 being capable of artificial formation from tlieir elements : — 



Name. Formula. 



Oxalic Acid (C2O3, HO), 



Hydrocyanic Acid Cj N, H 



Light Carburetted Hydrogen . , , Cj H4 



Urea C^ N^ H, O^. 



Formic Acid (Acid of Ants) , . . Cg H O3, H O. 



Chloroform C^ H CI3. 



Acetic Acid C4 H3 O3, H O. 



Alcohol C4H5O, HO. 



Ether (C4H5 0)a. 



Olefiant Gas . . C4 H4. 



Acetic Ether C4 H^ O, C4 H3 O3. 



Oil of Garlic (Ce H^ S)^. 



Oil of Mustard Ce H5 S, C, N S. 



Glycerine C^ Ha O^. 



Butyric Acid Cs H^ O3, H O. 



Pine Apple flavour (Butyric Ether) . Ca H7 O3, C4 H5 O. 



Succinic Acid Ca H4 Og, 2 H O. 



Valerianic Acid Cio Hg O3, H O. 



Pear flavour (Acetate of Amyl) . . C4 H3 O3, Cio H^ O. 



Apple flavour (Valerianate of Amyl) . Cio Hg O3, Cio Hn O. 



Lactic Acid C12 H12 O^. 



Grape Sugar ? C12 H12 O12. 



Caproic Acid Cx2 Hn O3, H O. 



Benzole Ci2 Hg. 



Nitrobenzole C12 H5 N O4. 



Aniline N (Ci2 H^) Hj. 



Phenyl Alcohol (Creosote) .... C12 H5 O, H O. 



Picric Acid Ci, Ha (N 04)30, HO. 



Salicylic Acid C^ H5 O5, H O. 



Salicylate of Methyl (Oil of Wintergreen) C,4 H^ O5, Ca H3 O. 



Naphthaline C20 Hg. 



The artificial formation of urea, lactic acid, and caproic acid, is 

 interesting in connection with certain functions of the animal eco- 

 nomy. Pine-apple oil, pear oil, and apple oil, are instances of the 

 artificial production of the delicate flavours of fruit, whilst oil of 

 wintergreen and nitrobenzole are like examples of the formation of 

 esteemed perfumes. But of all the bodies hitherto thus produced, 

 alcohol, glycerine, and sugar, are undoubtedly the most deeply 

 interesting, owing to the part they take in the nutrition of animals : 

 they prove to us the possibility of producing, without vegetation or 

 any vital intervention, an important part of the food of man. 

 Should the chemist also succeed in forming artificially the nitro- 

 genous constituents of food, without which life cannot be main- 

 tained, it would then be possible for a man, placed upon a barren 



