66 



waves of the Hyperborean Sea with his adventurous oars ;"* and again 

 subsequently : " what avails the everlasting rigour of the climate, 

 what the intense cold and unknown seas ? The Orcades were bedewed 

 with the slaughtered Saxon, the rocks of Thule were warmed with the 

 blood of the Picts, and icy Ireland (lerne) mourned her heaps of 

 Scots."'!' From all which evidences, it appears that "Theodosius 

 fitted out a navy, and attacked the Saxons of the Orkneys, while 

 he marched with an army, and invaded Caledonia ; * * * but 

 Ireland was not attacked or invaded; the Irish were themselves 

 invaders, and the language is varied accordingly.";]; Latinus Pacatus 

 makes this inference yet more certain, when in his panegyric he 

 adds, that the Scots were driven back to their native bogs, ("redactum 

 ad paludes suas Scotum,") " an expression," comments Whitaker, 

 " highly characteristic of the plains of Ireland. ''§ 



In 383, Maximus repulsed with great vigour, and overcame the 

 Scots and Picts, according to Gregory of Tours, and the Chronicle 

 of Tiro Prosper.ll Matthew of Westminster adds, that Maximus sent 

 Gratian with two legions against these hostile powers, who succeeded 

 in chasing them into Hibernia** 



Gildas takes up the memorial of grievances where Ammianus 



* " Scottumque vago mucrone secutus, 



Fregit Hyperboreas remis audacibus undas." — Claudian Carm. 7. 1. 55. 



f " Quid rigor eternus, quid frigora prosunt, 



Ignotumque fretum ? Maduerunt Saxone fuso 

 Orcades ; incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule, 

 Scottorum cumulos flevit glacialis leme. 



X Whitaker's Genuine History, p. 181. § Whitaker's Genuine History, p. 179. 



II Citante Innes, Essay, v. 2. p. 652. 



** " Cum igitur tanta calamitas Maximo nunciaretur, misit Gratianum cum duobus legi- 

 onibus, qui hostes in Hiberniam fugaverunt." — Malt. West. p. 76. Frankfort edition. 



