516 



gidianus, Cataldus, and Donatus ; Germany acknowledged other 

 Irish apostles besides Kilian in Albertus, Fintan, Livin, Fridolin, 

 Rupertus, and above all, in Virgilius, who, with seven Irish bishops, 

 emigrated to that country in the beginning of the eighth century.* 

 This was the ecclesiastic who won the favour of King Pepin, and was 

 by him made Bishop of Saltzburgh, but was subsequently degraded 

 by Pope Zachary for publishing his discoveries of the real figure 

 of the earth. -f By his especial exertions Germany first emerged 

 from that ignorance in which Tacitus found it. J Gallus, the high 

 character of whose institutions is celebrated by Bucelin,§ established 

 the Abbey of Stinace near the Lake of Constance. || In France, 

 about A. D. 646, Arbogast, an Irishman, founded an oratory where 

 Hagenau was afterwards built, and Gertrude, (the daughter of the 

 illustrious Pepin " Maire du Palais" successively to Clothaire the 

 second, Dagobert and Sigebert,) sent to Ireland for persons qualified 

 to instruct the "religieuse" of the Abbey of Neville, not only in theo- 

 logy and pious studies, but also in church harmony, or psalm-sing- 

 ing, " pour instruire la communaute dans le chant des Pseaumes et 

 la meditation des choses saintes.** And Charlemagne placed the uni- 

 versities of Paris and Ticinum under the guidance of two Irishmen, 

 Albin and Clements respectively.-ft" These were the celebrated indi- 

 viduals who presented themselves in the French market-place,JJ saying 



* Usher's Sylloge, p. 34. f See post, sect. 4. of this Period. 



i " Literarum secreta viri pariter et fajminas ignorant." — De Moribus German. 



§ Aquila Imp. Bened. p. 242. 



II VitaS. Galli.in Messing. Florileg. p. 255. 

 ** Fleury, Hist. Reg. Angl. p. 68. 



ft Notker Balbulus apud Canis. Antiq. Lect torn. 1. p. 360. et Vine. Spec. Hist. lib. 23. 

 c. 173. et Anton. Chron. tit. 14. c. 4. s. 12. 



XI See the Monk of S. Gall, de gest. Carol. Magn. in Canis. Antiq. Lect. torn. 1. 



