324 



mind to receive the authority of the Roman See. " In 1148 he under- 

 took another journey towards Rome, in order to obtain the palls, but 

 died on the road in the Abbey of Clarevall, in the arms of Saint Ber- 

 nard, who was then its Abbot."* 



Hitherto no ecclesiastical jurisdiction can be shewn to have resided 

 in the Pope, and none of the bishops named, or any other Irish bishops 

 appear on their appointment to have applied to Rome for Bulls of rati- 

 fication. The feeling, however, inspired by Gillebert and Malachy was 

 not suffered to subside, and in 1152 a synod was convened at Kells, at 

 which Cardinal Paparo, as the Pope's legate, presided. It was attended 

 by such of the prelates, abbots, priors, and inferior clergy of Ireland, 

 as were friendly to the innovation, -j- and there " the council being as- 

 sembled, Cardinal Paparo distributed the four palliums for Armagh, 

 Cashel, Dublin, and Tuam; he then declared, as it was right to do, the 

 Archbishop of Armagh Primate over the others ; ***** 

 and the Cardinal ordered, in virtue of apostolic authority, that tithes 

 should be paid, but on this point he was very badly obeyed, for it is 

 certain that tithes were, if at all, very little exacted in Ireland until 

 after the establishment of the English power. "J Cambrensis expressly 

 says that the Irish people did not pay tithes, and gives it as a criterion 

 of their barbarism, ("nondum enim decimas vel primitias solvunt.") 

 Suffragan Sees were at the same time fixed for the four Metropoli- 

 tans. "§ Soon after this synod, Adrian, in his reputed Bull to Henry 

 the Second, asserts the title which he thus established, and thence- 



^, • Ware's Bishops, p. 56. f See Lanigan'sEccl. Hist. vol. iv. p. 140. 



X Lanigan, vol. iv. p. 282. It is said in a charter from Dermod Mac-Morrough to tli€ 

 monasteiy of All Saints, near Dublin, and supposed to be granted in 1168, that the gift is made 

 " sine aliqua decimarum exactione." — See Harris's Collect. MSS. vol. i. p. 2. 



§ Lanigan, vol. iv. p. 146. Warner, vol. i. pp. 21 and 22. 



