331 



chadus Scoius monachus et inclusus in Fuld^ obiiti") and another in 

 Marianus (" Marianus Scotus inclusus,^') at the same year, as well as 

 at the years 1058, 1 059, and 1069; and at 1058 he speaks of " Pater- 

 nus Scotus multis annis ificlusus," which Marianus, in his own Chronicle 

 (ad ann. 1069) confirms.* We have not, however, been able to dis- 

 cover that any trace of a building resembling the Irish round tower, 

 has been discovered in Fulda, which would seem a necessary step to 

 the application of the " inclusi " hypothesis to Ireland. No durable 

 structures were erected for such recluses, and Matthaeus shews-f* that 

 those, who merely shut themselves up in their ordinary cells, were called 



" inclusi. 



In reference to the alleged order of Culdees,J there are in this 

 interval, and in the subsequent centuries, some obscure mentions of 

 such priests. Even in the Irish annals the name of Culdee or Keli- 

 deus does sometimes occur, but rather as the attribute of individuals, 

 than as the generic name of any community. § Giraldus, speaking of 

 Monaincha, certainly mentions Culdees (" coelicolas vel colideos,")|l 

 as inhabiting a cell there, and in his Cambrian Itinerary,** he speaks 

 of them as existing in Bardsey. Hector Boethius, in his history, 

 (lib. 6,) speaks of this order as in Ireland and Scotland, In the 

 register of Archbishop May, they are recorded as in Armagh in 1445; 



* " Ego miser Marianus, jussu episcopi Moguntinensis et abbatis Fuldensis post annos 

 X meae inclusionis solutus de clusa in Fulda, ad Moguntiam veni, et in festivitale septein fra- 

 trum secundo indudor." Marianus also mentions " Pafernus Scotus inclusus," ad ann. 1058. 



+ Vet ^vi. Analect. vol. iii. p. 139. j Vide, ante, p. 211, &c. 



§ " S. Comganus cognomento Kele-De seu Deicola." — Trias Thaum. p. 478. " S. Angus 

 merito cognomentum illud adeptus est, quo vulgo Kele-De indigetatur, quae vox Latine reddita 

 Deicolam seu Amadeum designat." — Acta Sanctorum, p. 680. 



II Top. Hib. Dist. 2. c. 4. 

 ""Insula modica quam monacbi inhabitant religiosissimi, quos caelibes vel colideo* 

 vocant."— Itln. Cambr. lib. 2. c. 6. 



U U 2 



