Pec. 15, 1856.] LIVINGSTON. 245 



Dr. Livingston. — When I went up to discover Lake Ngami with Mr. Oswell, 

 I found people who have the "click" in their language, and who seem to be 

 Hottentots ; they had formerly large quantities of cattle, and intermarry with 

 the Bushmen. Again, two Portuguese of Loanda described to me a people in 

 12° S. as Bushmen, but I did not see them. 



Mr. GrALTON. — I might mention in corroboration of Dr. Livingston's report 

 of a gradual desiccation of the Bechuana country, that the Damaras entertain 

 a precisely similar belief. They say that within the existing generation, their 

 country has become dried up to a marked extent ; hence, without doubt, this 

 same physical phenomenon affects the entire breadth of Southern Africa. 



Dr. Livingston. — You not only see remains of ancient rivers all through the 

 country, but you find actually the remains of fountains ; you see holes n^.ade in 

 the solid rock, where the water has fallen, when flowing out of these fountains, 

 and you find in the sides of some of the holes, pieces of calcareous tufa, that 

 have been deposited from the flowing of the water. 



Professor Owen : I have listened with very intense interest to the sketches 

 of those magnificent scenes of animal life, that my old and most esteemed 

 friend. Dr. Livingston, has given us. It recalls to my mind the conversation 

 I had the pleasure to enjoy with him in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, 

 seventeen years ago. 1 must say, that the instalment which he has given us 

 of his observations on animal life this evening, more than fulfils the highest 

 expectations that I indulged of the fruit that science would receive from his in- 

 tended expedition. It has, so far, exceeded all our expectations ; but it is not 

 only in reference to those magnificent pictures of mammalian life, — that reference 

 is to those new forms of that peculiar family of ruminants, the antelopes ; but 

 it is to those indications of the evidence of extinct forms of animal life which 

 interest me still more. I hope some fragments will yet come to us of those 

 accumulated petrified remains of animals, which it has been Dr. Livingston's 

 good fortune, among many very wonderful and unique opportunities of 

 observing nature, to have seen. 



Mr. J. Macqueen, F.R.G.S., observed — Lacerda does not give either the longi- 

 tude or the latitude of Tete. He gives the latitude of Maxenga to the north of 

 Tete, L5° 19' s., the estimated distance to which from Tete, according to the rate 

 of time in travelling, places Te'te, by my calculation, in 16*^ 20' s. lat. Dr. 

 Lacerda gives the latitude of the Isle of Mozambique, at the western entrance 

 of the Lupala, 16° 31' s. Dr. Livingston gives it 16° 34', a concordance which 

 proves the accuracy of both. Dr. Lacerda's accuracy, thus established, is of 

 great importance, because he gives us two important astronomical observations 

 far to the northward. The first, at Mazavamba, 12° 33' s. lat., and 32° 18' e. 

 long., and 20 miles south of the Arroanga of the north, 260 miles from Te'te, 

 which is the same river as that designated the Loangua by Dr. Livingston, at 

 its junction with the Zambesi. The second observation was made at Muiro 

 Achinto, now called Chama, lat. 10° 20' s., and long. 30° 2' e., from which 

 point Gamitto's daily bearings and distances enable us to fix the capital of 

 Cazembe with sufficient accuracy. Westward of Mazavamba, about 60 mih s, 

 is the gi'eat mountainous chain of Maxinga, or Muchinga, rising from 16,000 

 to 17,000 feet above the level of the sea. A branch of it runs n.e., another 

 to the westward, and a third to the s.s.w., by the Zumbo, stretching southward 

 to the mountains of Chidam and those called Mushome. 



The accounts of the Embarah are fully substantiated by Brocheda and the 

 journeys of Ladislaus. Embarah is the Aimbara, or the chief tribe and niler 

 of the great province of Quanhama, situated to the westward of the great river 

 Cubango. ''Phis river rises in Nanno, near the sources of the Cunene, but 

 instead of joining that river, as hitherto supposed, it pursues its way on the 

 westward of Bih^ to the s.e., and joins the Leambye, and is doubtless the 

 parent stream of the Chob^. This may give a great water communication from 



