May 11,1857.] HIMALAYA AND MOUNT EVEREST: 349 



jsnowy mass of Devadhiinga is denominated the Kntighat by the 

 Hindoos and the people of the plains of India, as the passage 

 round the huge snowy mass of Gosainthan is denominated by 

 them the Kerung, or Western Ghat. But Kiiti and Kerung are 

 names of towns, the one situated considerably within, and the 

 other considerably beyond, the respective ghats ; and, moreover, the 

 word ghat is never used by the highlanders (Parbattias) of Nepal 

 for a snow-pass. Their word is " langiir," and the especial langiir in 

 question is named Bhairava langiir, or the pass of Bhairava, just as 

 the mass above it, is called Bhairavthan, or abode of Bhairava : 

 Bhairava being the terrific form of the God Siva. Every merchant 

 and statesman at Kathmandu talks familiarly of the Bhairav langiir, 

 owing to its fonnidable character, its obstructiveness (it bars the 

 road to the North for half the year), and its strange contrast with 

 that very extensive and very level tract of country in Tibet, called 

 the Tingri Maidan, on which the Bhairav langiir immediately opens. 

 And this marked character of the ghat, added to the unmarked 

 character of the peak above it, may be one reason why the two are 

 often confounded under the same appellation. But Devadhiinga and 

 Bhairavthan are nevertheless sufficiently familiar and correct names 

 for this peak, or snowy mass rather ; and it were indeed a strange 

 circumstance, if so remarkable a natural object had escaped the 

 notice of the people of the country and thus remained unnamed. 

 Nor would it have been very creditable to me after 20 years' lesi- 

 dence in Nepal, had I been unable to identify that object. The 

 two papers herewith submitted, together with those formerly sub- 

 mitted to the Asiatic Society of Bengal,* or to Government, will, I 

 trust, show that I have given as much attention to the general 

 subject of Nepalese Geography as my opportunities and training 

 admitted and my duty required, whilst the foregone remarks must 

 satisfy every one that this special object, supposed to have been 

 heretofore utterly unheeded, was one so situated and circumstanced 

 that no reasonable excuse for ignorance cf it on my part could be 

 made, it being clear that personal approximation was no more a 



* 1 . Military road throughout the centre of Nepal fiom Kamaon to Sikira ; to the 

 Government. 



2. Route from Kathmandu to Tazedo on Chinese fiontier, to llie Society, and 

 published in its Researches. 



3. l^oute from Kathmandu to Darjiling, to the Society, and published in its 

 Journal. 



4. Physical Geography of Himalaya, to the Society, and published in its Journal. 



5. Visit to Nagakote, with n«>tice of the rivers flowing into it. Printed in the 

 Journal. 



6. Various routes through Nepal, from and to places specified. Sent to Govern- 

 ment, and deposited in its archives. 



7 and 8. Two Journals of embassies from Nepal to Chita, now sent. 



