100 



Widness, and Ditton marshes, bring us to Halewood, the 

 Mark boundary on the south-west. The high ridge, now 

 included in Great and Little Woolton, has been common or 

 waste down to within the last half century. The extreme 

 angle of the Mark in this direction may probably be pointed 

 out in the Calderstones, which, as they constitute the point 

 where the three townships of Allerton, Woolton, and Waver- 

 tree meet, must have existed previous to their partition. The 

 name, too, is highly significant. Gaidar ^ in Saxon, meaning an 

 enchanter or sorcerer, the name of the Enchanter's Stones 

 would be highly significant, as applied to a druidical remain. 

 Childwall, Roby, Thingwall, and West Derby, are Danish settle- 

 ments ; and wherever these intersect the more ancient Saxon 

 Marks, it is found that the nomenclature has been changed. 

 The boundaries on the west were formed by ^\vam.QVi.^wood, 

 and the mosses of Kirkby and Bickerstafi^e. Skelmers^d;/^ is 

 evidence of the Mark boundary. Horsecar Moss, and the 

 mosses beyond Rufford, bring us to Cuerden and Whittle-in- 

 the- Woods, being the first .land in this quarter where forests 

 and woody dells could be found. On the north-east, the 

 mountainous district beyond Rivington, of which the famous 

 Pike forms a portion, is a boundary sufficiently definite. 

 Bolton, from its name " in the moors," sufficiently indicates 

 the former state of this district. Dean, or Den, next appears, 

 which bring us to Outwoods, and Kersley Moor, Y^oikden, and 

 Walkden Moor. Chat Moss and Risley Moss complete the 

 circle, and bring us back within a short distance of Burton- 

 wood, from which we set out. 



Within this circle, we find the whole, or nearly the whole, 

 of the names indicative of cultivation and occupation. The 

 tons, as Sutton or Southtown, which is on the southern part 

 of the Mark, Ashtou, Iluyton, Lowton, Newton, all indicative 

 of relative position ; the hanis, as Latham, Abram, Bispham ; 

 the Leys or pastures, as Leigh, West Leigh, Whinstanley, 

 Mawdsley, Bradley ; the Wicks, or habitations, as Winwick, 



