THE FLORA OF LIVERPOOL. 



Okd. LXXI. Ulmace^. Mirb. 

 The Elm Family. 



1. ULMUS. Linn. The Elm. Pentand. 



1. U. SUBEROSA. Ehrh. (Common E.) March — May. ^, 



Var. a. U, VULGARIS. Hook. & Ai'nott. {U. cam- 

 pestris. Sm.— not of Linn. U. suberosa. Ehrh. 

 and E,B.) '^Leaves rhomboid-obovate small 

 (1 — 3 inches long), scabrous above, pubescent 

 below." " Samara cuneate-oblong*' in U. camp., 

 and " Samara roundish-obovate" in U. sub. 



Var. b. U. MAJOR. Hook. & Arnott. [U. major, ^m.) 

 "Leaves larger (2^ — 5 inches long), scabrous 

 above, pubescent below.'' 



Var. c. LiEvis. Hook. & Arnott. {U. glabra. 

 Mill. E.B. U. carpinifolia. Lindl.) "Leaves 

 more or less coriaceous, shining or smooth, or 

 slightly scabrous above, nearly glabrous beneath, 

 except in the axils of the nerves, younger ones, 

 stipules and samarse with scattered stalked glands, 

 branches pendulous." 



All these varieties are met with in hedges and plantations 

 near Livei-pool and in Win'al, but, I beheve, in aU these 

 cases introduced. 



2. U. CAMPESTRis. L. (U. Montana. Bauh. Sm. E.B.) 



(Broad-leaved E. or Wych-hasel.) April, 

 May. ^ 



Hedges and woods, common. 



The larvse of the following insects, with many others, feed on the Elm : — " Vanessa 

 C. Album {the White Comma), Vanessa polychloros (the Large Tortoise Shell), Ham- 

 maiophora (PygceraJ hucephala (the Buff Tip), Ortftosia munda (the Twin-spotted 

 Drab), O. macilenta (the Brick), O. stahilis (the Quaker), Xylina pitrificata (the Pale 

 Pinion), Mitelia bimaculosa (the Double-spot Brocade). Zcuzcra ^tculi feeds on 

 its wood." 



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