THE FLORA OP LIVERPOOL. 



Ord. XXXIX. RuBiACEJE. Juss. 

 The Madder Family, 



1. GALIUM. Linn. Bed-si/raw. Tet/rand. Monogyn. L. 



1. G. VERUM. L. (Yellow B.) June — August. 2^. 



Very abundant on the sand hills on the coast, from the 

 Dee to Soiithport. 



2. G. CRUCiATUM. L. (Cross-wort B., Mug- wort.) April — 



June. IX 



Very abundant in hedges and dry banks about Eastham, 

 Hooton Hall, Sutton, &c. 



3. G. 8AXATILB. L. (Smooth-Heath B.) May — August. V, 



Common in dry heathy situations, and hilly pastures. 

 BooUe, Formby, Southport. Tranmere Heath, Bidston 

 Heath, Oxton Moor, and many similar situations in Wirral. 



4. G. ULiGiNOSUM. L. (Rough Marsh B.) July — Aug. IX 



In wet marshy places and ditch sides, common. 



5. G. PALUSTRB. L. (White "Water B.) July, August. 2; 



Sides of ditches, ponds, &c., not uncommon. Sefton, — 

 T. Sansom. 



Var. a. Hook. & Amott. G. palustre. E.B. and 

 Var. b. Hook. & Arnott. G. Witheringii. E.B. 



Nearly equally common, Crosby, Formby, Southport, <fec. 



6. G. Aparine. L- (Goose-Grass or Cleavers.) June, 



July. 



In hedges, &c., very common. 



" The diflferent species afford food to tlie larvsB of the following insects : — Chcero- 

 campa Elpenor (the Elephant Hawk), Cheerocampa Porcellut (the Small Elephant), 

 Macroglossa Stellatarum (the Humming Bird), Spilosoma Menthattri (the Large 

 Ermine), Agrotis aquilina, Cidaria unideniaria (the Dark-harred Twin-spot), Harpa- 

 lyce Galiata (the Galium Carpet), Harpalyce trisiata (the Small Argent and Sable), 

 AnticUa rubidata (the Flame), and Aniiclea sinuata (the Royal Mantle), Se$ia 

 fuciformis (the Broad-bordered Bee-Hawk Moth), <fec." 



2. SHERARDIA. Linn. Skerardia or Field-Madder. 

 Tetrand, Monogyn, L. 



1. S. ARVENsis. L. (Blue S. or F.) April— Sept. O 



Very common in drj- gravelly fields and waste ground. 



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