THE FLORA OF LIVEEPOOL. 



10. HIERACIUM. Liiin. Hawk-weed. 



1. H. PiLOSELLA. L. (Common Mouse-ear H.) May — 



August. U 



Hedges, banks, and dry pastures, very frequent. 



2. H. MURDRUM. L. (Wall H.) June — August. U 



Woods at Speke, — G. S. Deane. Old Walls near New 

 Brighton, and New Ferry, &c., not uncommon. 



2. H. SYLVATICUM. Sm. (Wood H.) July, August, li 



Sand-hills at New Brighton, abundant. Walls and banks 

 about Billinge and Windle, common, — W. S. 



4. H. BOREALE. Pr. (H, mbaudum, Sm.) July — Sept. % 



y&fr^ abundant in shady situations and hedges, both in 

 Wirral and Lancashire. Sand hUls on the coast from 

 Hoylake to Southport, not uncommon. 



5. H. UMBELLATUM. Linn. (Narrow-leaved H.) August, 



September, i; 



Sand hills from HoylaJce to Southport, common, especially 

 at New Brighton and Crosby. Frequent on the side of 

 some rocky lanes between Club Moor and West Derby 

 village,— W.H. 



" The stem of this plant is usually attacked near the centre by insects, which cause 

 an oval swelling of considerable size. I'hough H. umbellatum, subaudum, and sylvati- 

 cum, are often growing close to each other on the sand-hills at New Brighton, still it 

 is in all cases the former species only that is attacked. The swollen stems, quite 

 dried and withered, with the cavities made by the insects, may be noticed remaining 

 late in the year." — T. B. Hall. 



The Hawkweeds yield food to comparatively few insects. " Upon some of the 

 species may be found Hipparchus Sithonus (the Gate Keeper), Anthrocera Filipen- 

 duUB (the Six-spot Burnett), and Polia serena (the Broad-bsurred White.)" 



11. LAPSANA. Linn. Nipple-wort. 



1. L. COMMUNIS. L. (Common N.) July, August. 



Waste ground and road sides, frequent. 

 " The larva of Cucullia' Lactuca (the Lettuce Shark), feeds upon this plant." 



12. CICHOEIUM. Linn. Succmy. 



1. C. Intybus. L. (Wild S.) July— October. U 



Borders of fields and waste places. Abundant in a field 

 near the sand hills at Crosby, — W.S. Abundant in a 

 field near the Railway and Roby village, — W.H. Little 

 Sutton, — R. Slack, in Hall's Flora. Southport, — R. 

 Aughton. Between Aiutree and Maghull. 



70 



