'.'- a Meteorological Journal kept at Carlisle. 421 



tude 2 57' 30" West of Greenwich. The river Eden runs on 

 the east side of the city towards the north, and the Caldew on 

 the west, towards the north, where they unite. The Peterill 

 joins the Eden a little way above the city, towards the south- 

 east The high mountains of Cumberland are between twenty 

 and thirty miles distant from Carlisle. Skiddaw lies to the SW. 

 and Cross Fell to the SE. Mr PITT resided and took his obser- 

 vations at Shaddongate, which is in the suburbs of Carlisle, and 

 stands on ground rather lower than the city, SW. of Carlisle 

 Castle. Its height above the level of the sea is about 40 feet, 

 and its distance from the sea twelve miles. 



Mr PITT was in possession of several thermometers and ba- 

 rometers, which were of a superior kind, and he prided himself 

 much upon their goodness. Though he generally examined 

 them all every day, the observations in his journals were usually 

 made from one thermometer and one barometer. 



The thermometer he used latterly was made by CHARLES 

 AIANO. It has been constructed and graduated with great care, 

 and has REAUMUR'S scale on one side, and FAHRENHEIT'S on the 

 other. It hangs upon the garden-wall, in a glass cylinder, which 

 is open at each extremity. It is not in contact with the waU, 

 and is sheltered from the heavens, and the falling vapours. It 

 is placed in a north-eastern aspect, about six feet from the ground. 

 A good situation has been chosen for the instrument. There is 

 at all times a free circulation of air, and it is so placed as to be 

 in the shade the whole day, and cannot be influenced by re- 

 flected heat. 



The barometer was made by NAIRNE, London, and has an 

 open and capacious cistern. The column of mercury seems very 

 free from air and moisture. It hangs in the stair-case, in a per- 

 pendicular position, about twelve feet from the ground, and 

 equally free from the sun's rays and the effects of artificial heat. 

 The temperature of the situation is not liable to any great or 



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