158 THE TUMULI OF THE CHALK RANGE. 



a deposit of burnt bones, with a few pieces of a broken urn, over 

 which had been placed a stone. The clay of which this urn 

 was composed had been mixed with small freshwater shells, in- 

 stead of the quartz sand which was customarily made use of in 

 the manufacture of British pottery. Immediately beneath this, 

 about the centre of the barrow, was a disunited, if not disturbed 

 skeleton, with the head towards the east. The upper portion 

 consisted of a few vertebrae, an arm perfect with the shoulder, 

 upon which lay a large human double tooth, worn, and evidently 

 long since separated from the jaw, and also a part of the hip- 

 joint. Upon removing the arm we came upon the ribs, and also 

 the skull, (No. 1.) which was broken on the right side. ^ On 

 the west side of the centre were portions of the leg bones, 

 associated with scattered pieces of a broken urn. At this level 

 was a stratum, nine inches thick, of a clay-like earth, which 

 must have been brought up from the south foot of the hill, con- 

 taining veins of a black unctuous mould. 



The barrow now presented, at the depth of seven feet beneath 

 its apex, the same formation as those upon Bucknowle and the 

 Grange hills. First rubbly chalk, and then lumps packed with- 



1 During these researches, I had not only the pleasure of the com- 

 pany of T. H. Beckles, Esq., of St. Leonards, Sussex, but also his valuable 

 assistance in examining the skulls which were exhumed, and of which 

 he has supplied rae with the following phrenological descriptions. He 

 speaks of them as heads of a superior order, and representing a race, 

 or races with intellectual endowments higher than those of the Austra- 

 lian and New Zealander. 



Some features are common to them all ; the organ of veneration, for 

 instance, is large, and would, in a dark age, be susceptible of super- 

 stitious impressions. The region of the propensities is also more or less 

 expanded. Some of the best skulls are characterised by an horizontal 

 frontal depression, which implies a faulty condition of mind, but is not 

 necessarily inconsistent with great mental power. 



No. 1. This organization implies not only great intellectnal powers, 

 but immense vigour and decision of character. The perceptive and re- 

 flective organs are both well developed. Amongst the moral sentiments, 

 veneration and firmness are conspicuous; conscientiousness is not the 

 most active of the sentiments, and caution is comparatively small : an 

 extreme fullness of the basiler region, shows that all the propensities 

 wore active; destructiveness in particular is very large. The develope- 

 ment of the posterior organs, agrees with the rest of the configuration. 

 From the position, as well as the relative size of these organs, and from 

 the thinness of skull and consequent great activity of temperament, I 

 infer that this was the head of an individual who always took a 

 prominent and leading part, whose influence was instinctively felt, and, 

 in a word, one whose power and daring could not be put down. 



