290 MONTHLY REVIEW OF LITERATURE. 



should be saved from the flames. He founded a college at Durham for the 

 more convenient education of the northern English youth. The library of 

 archbishop Usher was purchased and presented by him to the university of 

 Dublin ; and he presented valuable manuscripts to the university of Oxford, 

 of which he was chancellor. The learned Usher was pensioned and honoured 

 by him. Milton was the corresponding foreign secretary to his council. 

 Hartlib, now remembered only as the friend of Milton, a native of Poland, 

 whose life was devoted to one of the greatest interests of mankind education, 

 Andrew Marvell, Cudworth Pell, were pensioned, employed, or patronised by 

 him. A secretaryship is said to have been offered by him to the famous 

 sophist of Malmesbury. Waller was his kinsman and friend, and his praise 

 lives in the verses of Milton, Waller, and Dryden. 



" The drama, the most popular and enchanting of the fine arts, was con- 

 demned not so much by the protector as by the spirit of the age. He is 

 described by two royalist chroniclers of the time as a great lover of music, 

 and liberal to all who cultivated that and any other art. It is apparent from 

 a conversation with him recorded by Whitelock that he was no enemy to the 

 accomplishments and recreations of social intercourse. The arts cling with 

 a parasite adhesion to the luxuries of a court, and upon the ruin of Charles I. 

 they, for the most part, expired or fled. There are therefore but few painters, 

 and no sculptors or architects. Robert Walker, a contemporary of Vandyck, 

 was Cromwell's chief painter, and made several portraits of him, some few of 

 which escaped the poor vengeance of the restoration upon his image and his 

 remains. The engravers Blondeau, Violet, and especially Simon, were em- 

 ployed and distinguished. The achievements of the protector and the com- 

 monwealth, which it was the custom to commemorate by medals, gave 

 opportunity and occupation to the graver. 



" Cromwell had the virtues and affections of private and domestic life. As 

 a son, husband, father, friend, his heart was full of tenderness, generosity, 

 and faith." 



British Colonial Library. By R. M. MARTIN. Vol. HI. Southern 

 Africa. 18mo. Mortimer. 



THE Cape of Good Hope, though not the richest, is one of the most thriving of 

 our British colonies. Its superficial area is not less than 200,000 square miles, 

 and its coast line is upwards of 1 200 miles. It was first discovered by Bar- 

 tholomew Diaz, in 1487, and called by him Cabo dos Tormentos ; but the 

 sanguine hopes of happy results from the discovery induced John II. of Por- 

 tugal to call it Cabo de Bonne Esperanze. Ten years after, Vasco de Gama 

 doubled the promontory, and reached Malabar. The English took formal 

 possession of the Cape in king James's name, in 1620 ; but, as no settlement 

 was formed by them, the Dutch government in 1650 sent out a small colony, 

 and retained possession of the post for 180 years. The independent feeling 

 induced by the French revolution infected even the distant colony of the Cape ; 

 and they would, probably, have succeeded in establishing their independence, 

 if the British government, in 1795, had not taken up the matter and sent an 

 armed force, who obliged the people to capitulate. The Cape then became an 

 English colony ; but at the peace of Amiens it was again given up to the 

 Dutch. In 1806, our government, seeing the indispensability of the possession 

 of the Cape to the maritime interests of England, sent out a force under Sir 

 David Baird and Sir H. Popham, which soon obliged the colonists to sur- 

 render in favour of the rights of England. Since 1806 the Cape has been a 

 British colony. Of all the governors who have had the management of the 

 Cape none seems entitled to so high praise as the Earl of Caledon, whose firm 

 but temperate and Christian-like government has contributed more than any 

 other favouring cause to alleviate the miseries and improve the condition of the 

 native and colonial population. 



