is within a yard of the surface, it is less expensive to make the drains 

 shallow and more numerous. The drains are made with the stone 

 taken out in digging them, for which it is well adapted ; in filling 

 in the drains these stones are first placed in a triangular form at the 

 bottom, and loose stones filled in above. 



The weeds which infest the clay lands of the Forest marble district 

 are the — 



Carnation-grass, Car ex Qlauca, Seop. 

 Couch, Agrostis stolonifera, Lin. 

 Black-bents, Alopecurus agrestis, Lin. 

 Garlic, Allium vineale, Lin. 

 Colts' -foot, Tussilago Far far a, Lin. 

 Red Eye-bright, Euphrasia Odontites, Lin., 

 and others which are more ornamental than injurious, such as the 

 Blue Pimpernel, Anagallis ccerulea, 

 Toad-flax, Linaria Elatine and spuria, 

 and the somewhat rare Campanula hybrida, Lin. 

 Bromus pinnatus, Beattv., infests all the pastures and borders of fields 

 on Stone-brash and marl alike, and is readily recognised by the broad 

 bright green leaves, which neither sheep nor cattle touch. Turfs of 

 hair-grass (Aira caspitosa), or, as they are called " Bull-peats," are 

 also frequent in woods, meadows, and pastures, on a strong soil. 



My own observations have been directed chiefly to the geological 

 history of these formations, and especially to the fossil remains 

 which they contain. On the present occasion I shall only notice 

 those of the clay ; they are found, I believe, almost exclusively in 

 that particular bed which represents the Bradford clay of "Wiltshire, 

 and may be seen in the railway banks at Kemble, and the Ackman 

 Street (Tetbury Road) station, in Mr. Gregory's grounds near the 

 Mount, at Smerrill Quarry, and on the College Farm. 



Bradford has long been celebrated for its fossils, especially the 

 Pear Encrinite (Apioerinus Parkinsoni, Beonn.) an animal belonging 

 to a group almost unknown in our seas ; it was a star-fish having ten 

 feathery arms, and supported on a long flexible stem attached to the 

 bottom of the sea. The remains of this plant-like animal consist of 

 fragments and single joints of the stalk and body, called " coach- 

 wheels" by the quarrymen, the pear-shaped bodies, and detached 

 joints of the arms and fingers. The first and most perfect specimen 

 found near Cirencester, was obtained by the policeman at the Tetbury 

 Road Station, and given to the College : several specimens have been 

 obtained by Mr. Gtitz, a student of the College, at the limekiln 

 quarry in Perrymoor ; other specimens in the College collection were 

 found by my brother at the Ackman Street Station, one of them is a 

 very young encrinite,ger minating on a fragment of fossil bone. 



Several other characteristic fossils were obtained a few years ago 

 by Mr. T. C. Brown and Mr. Bravender, such as Terebratula digona 

 and decustata, Avicula costata, and several corals which are common 

 at Bradford. With the assistance of my class I have obtained 

 evidence of more than 100 species of marine animals having 



