206 EARL DE GREY'S ADDRESS. [May 28, 1860. 



trial pursuits and social condition of nations, or, in other words, tlie 

 geography of industry and commerce, viewed as dependent upon the 

 natural features, climate, and productions of the various regions of 

 the earth. 



Encyclopcedia Britannica. — The Eighth Edition of this great work is 

 in course of publication by Messrs. Adam and Charles Black of 

 Edinburgh, and is nearly completed. It will comprise twenty-two 

 quarto volumes, illustrated by upwards of five thousand engravings 

 on wood and steel. The articles have been carefully revised and 

 carried up to date, and a reference to the list of the principal con- 

 tributors is sufficient to stamp the value of the work. 



New Granada, Equador, Peru, Chile, etc., by Mr. Wm. Bollaert, 

 F.R.G.s. — This work, dedicated to Sir Eoderick I. Murchison, will 

 shortly appear. The author is already known to us by his papers 

 published in our Transactions. 



Eiiins of Carthage. — Mr. Davis has been engaged since 1856 in 

 excavating the ruins of ancient Carthage and Utica, and the objects 

 of antiquity he has discovered are now being arranged in the 

 British Museum. At the close of his excavations he visited the 

 sites of other ancient cities. 



Map- Projections, etc. — We have received two map-projections, one 

 by Sir John Herschel, the other by Col. Sir H. James. Also an 

 interesting paper on a method of observing the lunar distance, by 

 Col. G. Everest. These will be printed in our Journal. 



Great-Circle Sailing. — Two mechanical methods of solving problems 

 in great-circle sailing have been published. One by Captain 

 W. C. Bergen, of the mercantile marine, is by charts of the gno- 

 monic projection. This method is considered by Mr. J. W. Share, r.n., 

 to be the most satisfactory, expeditious, and accurate of all the 

 mechanical methods that have been hitherto devised. A straight 

 line ruled across any part of these charts represents the arc of a 

 great circle. — The other by Capt. Berger, also of the mercantile 

 marine, is termed the " Patent Sphereometer," invented for the 

 purpose of obviating all abstruse calculations in great-circle 

 sailing. It consists of a hollow hemisphere of wood, coated over 

 with a slaty composition, on which are marked only the parallels 

 and meridians : a graduated, moveable brass meridian serves to 

 measure the distance between the two places. The various courses 

 are ascertained by a brass protractor, fitted to the sphere. 



Star Maps. — A new edition of the six maps of the stars on the 

 gnomonic projection, designed and constructed by Sir J. W. Lub- 



