188 Mr. Cowper on fAe 



formed the foundation of the future success of our printing-machinery, 

 by showing the best method of furnishing", distributing, and apply- 

 ing the ink. 



In order to apply this method to a machine capable of printing 

 from type, it was only necessary to do the same thing in an ex- 

 tended flat surface, or table, which had been done on an extended 

 cylindrical surface ; accordingly, I constructed a machine for print- 

 ing both sides of the sheet from type, securing, by patient, the 

 inking apparatus, and the mode of conveying the sheet from one 

 paper cylinder to the other by means of drums and tapes. A full 

 description of this machine is given in J. Nicholson's " Operative 

 Mechanic," and in the supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica ; 

 in the latter, by some mistake, it is called " Bensley's machine.'* 

 A more brief account, and also a cut of the machine, appeared in 

 the " London Literary Gazette," the editor of which has obligingly 

 lent the cut for illustrating this paper. See the Cut and Fig. 9 

 and 10. 



My friend, Mr. A. Applegath, was a joint-proprietor with me in 

 these patents, and he also obtained patents for several improvements. 

 I had given the end motion to the distributing-rollers, by moving the 

 frame to and fro in which they were placed. Mr. Applegath suggested 

 the placing these rollers in a diagonal position across the table, 

 thereby producing their end motion in a simpler manner. Another 

 contrivance of Mr. Applegath's was to place half of my inking appa- 

 ratus on one side the printing cylindei', and half on the other side, 

 in order that one-half the form might be inked on one side, and one- 

 half on the other, and so have a less distance to travel. 



Another contrivance of Mr. A. was a method of applying two 

 feeders to the same printing-cyhnder ; these latter inventions are 

 more adapted to newspaper than to book printing. 

 ■ We have constructed upwards of sixty machines upon our com- 

 bined patents, modified in twenty-five different ways, for the various 

 purposes of printing books, bank-notes, newspapers, &c. They have, 

 in fact, superseded Mr. Koenig's machines, in the office of Mr. 

 Bensley, (who was the principal proprietor of Koenig's patent,) and 

 also in the office of the "Times," as was announced in that journal 

 a few days since. 



It may not be uninteresting to state that no less than forty wheels 

 were removed from Mr. Koenig's machine, when Mr. Bensley re- 

 quested us to apply our improvements. 



Having; on the first trial of our machines, discovered the supe- 

 riority of the inkuig-roUer and table ovfer the common balls^ we 



