324 Mr. Ranking on Ancient Guatemala. 



is celebrated for discovering the use of cocoa and cotton^ 

 (p. 164). 



Remarh.—-It thus appears tolerably evident, that the 

 nations on the arrival of the Toltecs, A.D. 1052, had neither 

 kings, cocoa, nor cotton, which marks two epochs of popu- 

 lation ; and some of the following facts give every reason to 

 conclude that a third epoch dates from the invasion of Japan, 

 in 1283. 



Anil is the American name for indigo, in Guatemala. — 

 (Juarros 263. Rees^s Cyc. " Indigo.") It was known to the 

 Romans and to modern Europe, by the names of indicum and 

 indigo. Nil and anil are the Arabic and Asiatic words. — 

 {Purchas, vol. v, 570). Those who knew not the use of cocoa 

 and cotton, were not likely to manufacture indigo. 



Balam Acan, the fifth emperor of the Toltecs, was carried 

 in a rich chair of state, splendidly ornamented with gold, 

 emeralds, and other jewels, upon the shoulders of his nobles — 

 (p, 174). Sinacam, when he approached in his litter, pre- 

 ceded by trumpets and drums, addressed Alvarado, the 

 Spaniard, as a descendant of the Sun ; (having the same awe 

 for that race as the Mexicans and Peruvians ;) Sinacam wore 

 a crown, and held a sceptre in his hand. — (pp. 424, 448, and 

 Las Casas, p. 41). 



The Guatemalans had pyramids like those of Mexico (463). 

 They sacrificed a Spaniard and some Indians of Tlascala, to 

 their Idol Camanelon (p. 443), and others to their Idol Esba- 

 lanquen, (p. 471). They used the skulls as drinking cups, 

 and ate human flesh (p. 356). — Such are the Calmuc Idols in 

 this journal, "No. V. p. 144. 



The province of Quiche, so named from the first Toltec 

 leader from Anahuac (p. 163), had for its capital the city of 

 Utatlan, the most magnificent in Guatemala while under its 

 native sovereigns. The castle, of hewn stone, was four stories 

 high, 376 paces in front, and 728 in depth ; the palaces were 

 equal to those of Montezuma and the Incas. The streets were 

 narrow. The population was so great, that it furnished 72,000 

 combatants to oppose the Spaniards. There was a superb 

 edifice, in which above 5000 children were educated under, 

 70 masters. In one of the saloons of the castle stood the 



