370' JVoles on Fossil Remains, 



entrenchments y round about which, on digging, they find many 

 human bones. If such be the fact, it will be deemed a triumph 

 by those who think the elephants' bones found in these northern 

 regions are the remains of the beasts which accompanied the 

 invading armies ; but it is more natural to refer them to revo- 

 lutions that have changed the face of our globe." — (Pallas, 

 vol. i. p. 214.) Bereke, or Barka, grandson of Genghis Khan, 

 resided at Bolgar, in this very neighbourhood, and was visited 

 by Marco and Maffeo Polo. He was one of the most liberal 

 of the Mogul princes ; this place was 300 years in their pos- 

 session. 



" Until the discovery and examination of the bones of the 

 mastodon, naturalists had not ventured to believe that any 

 kind or species of animals had ceased to inhabit the earth." 

 — {American Quarterly Review^ March, 1827, p. 97.) 



'' In Leicestershire, in a bed of coal, ninety -seven yards 

 below the surface, the entire skeleton of a man was found 

 imbedded. Indications of a former pit were discovered, and 

 the body must have fallen in, and have been pressed in the 

 loose coal by the falling sides and incumbent water." — {Bahe- 

 welVs Geology, 1828, p. 23.) With regard to Werner's Theory, 

 Mr. Bakewell, in two instances, remarks, (p. 207, 408,) that 

 it is scarcely possible for the human mind to invent a system 

 more demonstratively repugnant to facts ; and that men of dis- 

 tinguished talents have resigned their judgment to his autho- 

 rity. (See this Journal, No. IV. p. 353 and p. 357, regarding 

 some bones of the mastodon, like those on the Ohio, of large 

 and young ones, found on and near the surface of the ground, a 

 few miles from the Irawaddy, in Ava, accompanied with others 

 of the rhinoceros, long-nosed alligator of the Ganges, and 

 some of an animal of the horse kind, not decomposed, and tho 

 animals had died there.) 



Thus we find that neither the position in the earth, the state 

 of the fossil bones, nor the countries in which they are found, 

 offer any real objection to their historical origin. Those found 

 in Ava are in the region of the prince who sent the invading 

 armies to Siberia, and most probably supplied the elephants 

 for the expedition to Japan : it has been shown that the 

 Romans, with their 120 ships annually trading to India, had 



