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Professor Mac Cullagh read a paper " On the Chronology 

 of Egypt." 



In this paper the author endeavours to ascertain the 

 names of the Egyptian sovereigns who were contemporary 

 with Moses. For this purpose he finds it necessary to de- 

 termine the interval between two celebrated epochs — the 

 reign of Menes and the Exodus of the Israelites. He con- 

 ceives that the former epoch is fixed by the " old chronicle" 

 at the distance of 443 years from the beginning of a cynic 

 (or canicular) cycle ; and he thinks it strange, that this sim- 

 ple meaning should not have occurred to chronologists, who 

 have universally supposed the " cynic cycle" of the old chro- 

 nicle to be a series of demi-god kings who derived that ap- 

 pellation from the dog-headed Anubis. The canicular 

 cycle is a well-known period of 1460 years, which the Egyp- 

 tians seem to have used for computing time, as we sometimes 

 use the Julian period. One of these cycles commenced in 

 the year 2782, before the Christian era ; and if we reckon 

 443 years in advance, we shall have the year B. C. 2339, for 

 the commencement of the reign of Menes. This date agrees 

 well with the computation of Josephus, who says that the 

 interval from Menes to Solomon was upwards of 1300 years. 

 Again, we are told by Clemens of Alexandria, that the 

 Exodus of the Israelites took place 345 years before the be- 

 ginning of a canicular cycle. This is evidently the cycle 

 which commenced 1^. C. 1322 ; and hence we have B. C. 

 1667 for the date of the Exodus. The interval between 

 Menes and the Exodus was, therefore, about 670 years. 



If, now, we take the catalogue of Eratosthenes, which 

 commences with Menes, we shall find, at the distance of 

 670 years from Menes, a king named Achescus Ocaras, who 

 reigned only one year ; preceded by a king named Apappus, 

 who reigned a hundred years, and succeeded by queen Ni- 

 tocris who reigned six years. Mr. Mac Cullagh thinks, that 

 Apappus is the king in whose reign Moses was born ; that 

 Ocaras is he who pursued the Israelites to the Red Sea ; 



