<)2 Mr. DowNES on the Norse Geography/ 0/ Ancient Ireland. 



f'erence of wick to haven, which has nearly the same meaning, would imply the wish 

 to prevent confusion between two places, separated by only a short navigation. 



In addition to the localities already noticed, Kaupmannaey appears on the 

 more recent Map, at the entrance of Belfast Lough : the English name is not 

 added, nor is the place mentioned in the Essay. This local name occurs, under an 

 incorrect plural form, in the Anecdotes of Olave the Black, published by Johnstone, 

 who translates it " Merchant Isles," but adds, " I know not what isles were so 

 called." Yet it requires but a slight acquaintance with the northern languages 

 to recognize Kaupmannaey as Copeland Island, — especially as it may be inferred 

 from the narrative, that the place was in the vicinity of Cantire and the Isle of 

 Man : besides, Johnstone was a resident of Copenhagen, and must have been aware 

 that its name meant " Merchants' Haven." In English, kaup becomes chap in 

 " chapman," and Chip, as the first syllable of " Chipping" (in such local names 

 as Chipping Barnet, Chipping Norton, &c.), which is pronounced almost exactly 

 as the Swedish Raping, however different in orthography, and, like it, signifies 

 " market." The plural form in Johnstone's publication may have arisen from 

 grouping the adjacent Light-House Island, and Mew Island, with Copeland : in- 

 deed the group is called on the spot the Copeland Islands. 



To the preceding observations, suggested by the inspection of the Norse Map 

 of Ireland, I would subjoin a brief consideration of some other localities, which, 

 though not mentioned in any of the Sagas published antecedently to the Map, 

 seem equally Norse in their origin with any of its meagre details. 



There are three countries, in particular, where the Northmen have left topo- 

 graphical traces of their invasions, namely, Normandy, Eastland, and the British 

 Islands. In Normandy, where they achieved a permanent conquest of the entire 

 land, several classes of local names exist, originally Norse, and unknown in the 

 rest of France : such are those ending in Jleur, beuf, tot, and others, indicative 

 of peaceful possession — the final settling-down of the invader, " utfons, ut cam- 

 pus, ut nemus placuit." In Eastland — called also Eastway, in contradistinction 

 from Norway — which extended from Mecklenburgh to the White Sea, and included 

 Vindland, or Northern Sclavonia, they founded a few settlements, which were 

 exclusively maritime, such as Rostock, and Dantzick (Danes' Wick); (or Stargard, 

 or " Old Town," the name of two inland localities, is Sclavonian, notwithstanding 



