IBRAHIM PACHA'S SYRIAN CAMPAIGN. 289 



of a captain, and having turned a battery against them,, they re- 

 turned to the assault. Unfortunately for Adullah, his gunners ran 

 from their pieces, and he was obliged to capitulate. The Egyptians 

 confessed a loss but of 1429 wounded, and 512 killed. Thus fell 

 St. Jean d'Acre, after a memorable defence of six months. The 

 capture of this place insured to Ibrahim the possession of Lower 

 Syria, and enabled him to advance in perfect security. 



While the son of Mehemet Ali was thus vigorously pushing 

 forward the war, the Porte was still occupied with her preparations. 

 In the month of March, Hussein Pacha, celebrated by the destruc- 

 tion of the Janissaries, and by the extraordinary bravery he dis- 

 played on the Russian Campaign, but in other respects, a soldier 

 " a la Turc," was appointed chief of the expedition to Arabia. To 

 this soldier was confided the safety of the empire, with the title of 

 field-marshal of Anatolia. He was solemnly invested with the 

 Harvani, (a short cloak) with an embroidered collar, he received a 

 sabre set in brilliants, and two Arabian horses, superbly caparisoned; 

 and on the 17th of April, he received orders to join the army which 

 Hosrew Pacha had organized, the head quarters of which was at 

 Konisk. By the formation of new regular regiments the army had 

 been raised to 60,000 men, including artillery and engineers. The 

 mass of their forcess was composed of Beckir Pacha's brigade of 

 infantry, with the 2nd regiment of cavalry ; and a strong brigade 

 of irregulars, under the orders of the governor of Silistria ; of 

 Skender Pacha's brigade of infantry, and the 6th cavalry ; of that 

 of Nedgeb Pacha, with the 9th cavalry; and Delaver Pacha's bri- 

 gade, with the cavalry of the guard. Each of these corps was 

 accompanied by its batteries, &c. &c. An European organization 

 had been given to the different services, such as the pay-master- 

 general's department, commissareat, &c. The sultan had written 

 out many of the regulations with his own hand. 



The young general of division, Mehemet Pacha, a manumitted 

 slave of Hussein's, was specially charged with the direction of the 

 regular troops, under the orders of Hussein Pacha ; he was tolerably 

 well acquainted with all our manreuvres ; and possessed some military 

 talent. The European instructors were attached to his suit; they 

 were the captain of artillery, Thernin, whose councils would have 

 saved the Turkish army, had they been listened to ; the engineer- 

 officer, Reully, a brave and experienced soldier ; and the captain of 

 cavalry, Colosso. The two former (Frenchmen) saw almost the 

 whole of the war ; taken prisoners by the Egyptians, they refused 

 to enter their service, and were sent back. As for Colosso, he so- 

 journed but a short time in the camp ; for on endeavouring to put 

 a stop to the frightful abuses that pervaded every branch of the 

 service, the generals, and colonels, formed a league against him, and 

 he retired in disgust. 



On the 14th of May, the field-marshal arrived at Koniah, where 

 he displayed the most culpable negligence and carelessness ; it was 

 in vain that the European inspectors, requested him to put in force 

 " the regulation for troops in the field," of the French general 

 Prevan, .which had been translated into Turkish ; they were no 



M. M. No. 93. 2 P 



