108 



Biographical Memoirs of Eminent Persons. 



[JAN. 



monly called Lord Cochrane, of llegent- 

 street, Middlesex, for an improved 

 rotary engine, to be impelled by steam, 

 and which may be also rendered appli- 

 cable to other purposes. llth Novem- 

 ber ; 6 months. 



To Charles Stuart Cochrane, Esq., 

 of Great George-street, Westminster, 

 for certain improvements in the prepar- 

 ing and spinning of cashmere wool. 

 13th November ; C months. 



To John Tyrrell, Esq., barrister-at- 

 law, of St. Leonard's, Devon, for a me- 

 thod and apparatus for setting sums for 

 the purpose of teaching some of the 

 rules of arithmetic. 13th November ; 

 6 months. 



To Thomas Sands, Liverpool, mer- 



chant, for certain improvements in 

 spinning machines. 18th November ; 6 

 months. 



List of Patents which having been granted 

 in the month of December, 1816, expire 

 in the present month of December, 1830 : 



10. Richard Wright, London, for an 

 improved method of constructing and pro- 

 pelling ships. 



14. William Dean, Manchester, /or 

 an improved machinery for leading calico 

 or cloth previous to glazing. 



19. Samuel Brown, London, and 

 Philip Thomas, Liverpool, for an im- 

 proved method of manufacturing chains, 

 chain-cables, fyc. 



BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 



GENERAL VANDAMME. 



Vandamme, Count of Unebourg, a dis- 

 tinguished officer of the revolution, whose 

 death recently occurred, was the son of an 

 apothecary of Cassel, in the department of 

 the north, where he was born on the 5th of 

 November, 1771- Having entered the army 

 at an early period of life, the inflexible 

 courage which he displayed, obtained for 

 him an unusually rapid advancement. He 

 was placed at the head of a light troop, 

 which received the complimentary desig- 

 nation of the Chasseurs of Mont Cassel. 

 In 1793, he was with the army of the 

 north ; and, in the course of the three 

 succeeding campaigns, he acquired great 

 distinction at the commencement of the 

 campaign of 1797, he commanded the 

 advanced guard, with which he sustained 

 the attack of the enemy, while the grand 

 body of the army effected the passage of 

 the Rhine. On this occasion, his horse 

 was killed under him. 



In 1799, Vandamme was appointed 

 General of Division, and he received the 

 command of the left wing of the army of 

 the Danube. He afterwards passed into 

 Holland, under the orders of General 

 Brune, then at the head of the French 

 army in that country, and assisted in van- 

 quishing the Anglo-Russian forces, under 

 the Duke of York, at Alkmaer. For a time, 

 his wounds and his fatigues having im- 

 posed on him the necessity of quiet, he 

 retired to his native town. However, in 

 April, 1800, he returned; took the com- 

 mand of a division of the army of the 

 Rhine, and acquired new glory, at the pas- 

 sage of that river between Stein and SchafF- 

 hausen, and on various other occasions. 

 From Buonaparte, at that time first consul, 

 he received several marks of distinction, 

 and was named grand officer of the Legion 

 of Honour. With the command of the 

 Wurtemburg troops against the Austrians, 

 in the campaign of 1809, he obtained the 

 decoration of the grand cross of Wurtem- 



berg. In many instances particularly at 

 the battle of Urfar, where he completely 

 routed three columns of Austrian troops 

 he greatly distinguished himself. 



In 1811, General Vandamme was ap- 

 pointed President of the Electoral College 

 of Hazebruk. Serious misunderstandings 

 between him and Jerome Buonaparte pre- 

 vented his having any command in the 

 expeditions against Russia, in 1812. He 

 was disgraced, and ordered to retire to 

 Cassel. However, in February, 1813, he 

 was called to the command of a division of 

 troops. On the 25th of August he made 

 himself master of Pirna and Hohendorf ; 

 and, on the 29th, he passed the great chain 

 of the mountains of Bohemia, and marched 

 upon Kulm, where he found 10,000 Russians 

 commanded by General Osterman. He 

 fought with his accustomed bravery ; but 

 General Count Keish de Nollendorf de- 

 bouched by the mountains and fell upon 

 his rear he found himself assailed at all 

 points he lost the whole of his artillery 

 and 6,000 troops and was himself taken 

 prisoner. Pie was, in consequence, marched 

 to Moscow and Wralka, to the north of 

 Kasan, and within twenty leagues of Siberia. 

 In other respects, also, he was treated with 

 ungenerous severity, the Grand Duke Con- 

 stantine having deprived him of his sword, 

 which had been returned to him by order 

 of the Emperor Alexander himself. 



At the battle of Leipsic, in 1813, he 

 sustained a reverse from his old opponent, 

 General Kleist. It was not until the first 

 of September, 1814, that he again reached 

 France. In Paris, he was the object of 

 personal insult from various quarters. At 

 length, he was ordered, by the minister of 

 war, to quit the capital within twenty- four 

 hours; and, accordingly, on the 20th of 

 March, 1815, he was found in the repose of 

 private life. 



When the news arrived of Buonaparte's 

 landing from Elba, General Vandamme 

 made a tender of his services to Louis 



